Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIHEP > L14 + 15: Chronic Liver Disease, Jaundice, Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension > Flashcards

L14 + 15: Chronic Liver Disease, Jaundice, Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 enzymes of the liver that can be investigated in blood tests

A
  1. AST
  2. ALT
  3. Alk Phosphate
  4. gGT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bilirubin is taken up by hepatocytes in the liver and conjugated with what?

A

Glucuronic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 2 causes of UNCONJUGATED hyperbilirubinaemia

A
  • increased haemolysis

- inherited conditions (e.g. Gilbert’s syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 2 causes of CONJUGATED hyperbilirubinaemia

A
  • obstruction

- hepatocellular injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Gilbert’s Syndrome?

A
  • inherited condition
  • causes unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
  • occurs b/c conjugation of bilirubin and glucuronic acid is impaired
  • reduction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity
  • often presents as mild jaundice during times of stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If a patient has mild jaundice that often occurs during times of stress, what inherited disease is the most likely cause?

A

Gilbert’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is steatosis? What is steatohepatitis?

A

Steatosis: fatty liver
Steatohepatitis: fatty liver + inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is hereditary haemochromatosis AD or AR?

A

autosomal recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What condition is also known as “bronze diabetes”

A

hereditary haemochromatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the MAIN symptoms of haemochromatosis

A
  • fatigue
  • skin pigmentation
  • diabetes
  • arthralgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can hereditary haemochromatosis be diagnosed? (hint: its a lab value)

A

raised serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for hereditary haemochromatosis?

A

weekly phlebotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Wilson’s disease?

A
  • autosomal recessive metabolic disorder in which impaired copper excretion causes copper to accumulate in the body
  • a/w ATP7B gene (copper transporting ATPase 2)
  • copper overload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for Wilson’s disease?

A

a chelating agent - Penicillamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What gene is a/w Wilson’s disease?

A

ATP7B gene (copper transporting ATPase 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What antibodies are positive in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)?

A

positive for SMA* and ANA

17
Q

What is the treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)?

A

corticosteroids (or other immunosuppressants)

18
Q

What is a fibroscan?

A
  • ultrasound of the liver

- measuring fibrosis (scarring) and steatosis (fatty change)

19
Q

What is the gold standard test/investigation for diagnosing cirrhosis?

A

Liver Biopsy

20
Q

List 2 staging/scores to determine the severity of cirrhosis

A
  1. Child-Pugh Score

2. MELD Score

21
Q

The MELD score can be used to determine the severity of cirrhosis and to see if a patient needs a liver transplant. What 3 criteria does it look at?

A
  1. Bilirubin
  2. INR = Prothrombin Time
  3. Creatinine
22
Q

Give 3 dietary approaches to help a patient with ascites

A
  1. no added salt intake
  2. restrict fluids
  3. nutritional supplements
23
Q

What 2 drugs can be given to treat someone with ascites?

A
  • Spironolactone

- Furosemide

24
Q

When may a paracentesis be done?

A

can be used for diagnostic or therapeutic treatment of ascites

25
Q

What is the very LAST resort in treating varices (esp. eosophageal varices)?

A

SB Tube

26
Q

What is a SB tube and what can it be used to treat?

A
  • can treat eosophageal varices

- balloon is inflated and puts pressure on the area to stop bleeding

27
Q

A SB tube is a last resort treatment of oesophageal varices. What are some risks of this instrument?

A
  • malpositioning
  • eosophageal rupture
  • re-bleeding risk is high post-balloon deflation
28
Q

In Gilbert’s Syndrome there is a mild reduction of what enzyme’s activity which leads to symptoms?

A

reduction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity

29
Q

What medications may be given to treat a hepatitis B infection? (give 2 examples)

A

Pegylated Interferon (Alpha)

Antivirals:

  • Entecevir
  • Tenofovir
30
Q

List some of the clinical features/presentation of hereditary haemochromatosis

A
  • fatigue + arthralgia (most common)
  • hepatomegaly, cirrhosis
  • symptoms of diabetes
  • skin hyperpigmentation
  • cardiomyopathy (esp. restrictive)
31
Q

Which medication may be given to treat itch that is a consequence of PBC?

A

Cholestyramine

32
Q

Which autoimmune liver condition mainly affects middle-aged women?

A

PBC

33
Q

List the possible treatment options for treating someone with ascites

A
  • no added salt
  • fluid restriction
  • drugs (spirinolactone, furosemide)
  • paracentesis (drain)
  • shunt/TIPS (for refractory ascites)

GIHEP (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions