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GIHEP > L19: Food Poisoning > Flashcards

L19: Food Poisoning Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is food poisoning? (definition)

A

illness (gastroenteritis) caused by contaminated food

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of food poisoning?

A
  • diarrhea
  • vomiting
  • nausea
  • crampy abdominal pain
  • ± fever
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3
Q

What investigations/tests can be done if food poisoning is suspected?

A
  1. PCR of Faeces
  2. Blood Culture
  3. Test Food
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4
Q

Generally, what is the treatment for food poisoning?

A
  • supportive treatment

- antibiotics typically not indicated

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5
Q

Explain the toxin involved and the characteristics of food poisoning caused by S. aureus

A
  • heat stable enterotoxin ingested
  • works fast [within 1 to 8 hours]
  • lasts 8-24 hours
  • vomiting predominates
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6
Q

What is the clinical presentation of food poisoning by S. aureus?

A
  • works fast [within 1 to 8 hours]
  • lasts 8-24 hours
  • vomiting predominates, occasionally diarrhea
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7
Q

What is Type 1 of Bacillus cereus food poisoning?

A

Type 1 = Emetic Syndrome

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8
Q

What is Type 2 of Bacillus cereus food poisoning?

A

Type 2 = Diarrheal Syndrome

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9
Q

How does Bacillus cereus cause type 1 emetic syndrome? (toxin/spore involved?)

A
  • spores germinate in food and release toxin
  • ingestion of performed toxin
  • e.g. fried rice
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10
Q

What is the clinical presentation of food poisoning by B. cereus type 1?

A
  • works fast [within 1 to 6 hours]
  • lasts 2-10 hours
  • predominantly vomiting + abdominal cramps
  • may have diarrhea
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11
Q

How does Bacillus cereus cause type 2 diarrheal syndrome? (toxin/spore involved?)

A
  • spores ingested in food (not toxin)

- toxin production (in vivo) after spores germinate

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12
Q

What is the clinical presentation of food poisoning by B.cereus type 2?

A
  • incubation period between 6 to 14 hours
  • lasts between 8 to 24 hours
  • predominantly diarrhea
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13
Q

How does Clostridium perfringens cause food poisoning? (spores/toxin involved?)

A
  • ingestion of heat-resistant spores

- toxin production in-vivo

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14
Q

What is the clinical presentation of food poisoning by C. perfringens?

A
  • incubation period between 8-24 hours
  • lasts 1-3 days
  • profuse diarrhea, occasionally vomiting
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15
Q

How does Clostridium botulinum cause food poisoning? (spores/toxin involved?)

A
  • ingestion of neurotoxin
  • improperly canned/home bottled products
  • toxin binds irreversibly to pre-synaptic nerve endings and inhibits ACh release
  • get paralysis
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16
Q

What is the clinical presentation of food poisoning by C. botulinum?

A
  • incubation between 12 and 36 hours
  • acute descending symmetrical weakness
  • paralysis
  • high mortality
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17
Q

What is the treatment of food poisoning by C. botulinum?

A

treat w/ antitoxin

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18
Q

What organism is the most common cause of food poisoning in developed countries?

A

Campylobacter spp.

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19
Q

What are the 4 types of campylobacter spp. that may cause food poisoning? Which is the most common?

A
  1. C. jejuni = most common
  2. C. coli
  3. C. fetus
  4. C. lari
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20
Q

What is the main source of campylobacter spp. which causes food poisoning?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • undercooked meat and meat products*
  • – inadequate decontamination
  • raw or contaminated milk

*cases peak in summer months/barbecue season

21
Q

What is the clinical presentation of food poisoning cause by campylobacter spp.?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • incubation period of 2-4 days (can be up to 8-9 days)
  • prodromal illness (fever, headache)
  • diarrhea (may be bloody)
  • abdominal pain
  • resolves w/in 5 to 7 days
22
Q

List the complications after food poisoning by campylobacter spp

Study These Flashcards
A
  • toxic megacolon
  • bacteraemia
  • Guillain-Barre Syndrome
23
Q

What investigations can be done to diagnose food poisoning caused by campylobacter spp.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • PCR (of faeces)

- Culture (of faeces or blood)

24
Q

List all the laboratory features of the campylobacter species

Study These Flashcards
A
  • gram negative (curved) bacilli
  • positive oxidase test
  • hydrolyses hippurate (makes a blue colour)
  • greyish colonies on selective charcoal-containing media incubated in CO2 at 42 degrees
25
Which organism will produce greyish colonies on selective charcoal-containing media incubated in CO2 at 42 degrees?
Campylobacter spp.
26
Which organism hydrolyses hippurate?
Campylobacter spp.
27
What is the treatment of food poisoning caused by Campylobacter spp.?
- typically rehydration | - antibiotics only given if bacteraemic or immunosuppressed (azithromycin or ciprofloxacin)
28
In specific cases, antibiotics may be given to treat food poisoning caused by Campylobacter spp - what antibiotics may be given?
Azithromycin or Ciprofloxacin
29
What is another name for enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)?
Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC)
30
What is the main reservoir of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli and what are the modes of transmission?
- main reservoir = cattles | - transmitted through beef products, contact w/ animals or faeces and person-to-person
31
What is the most common serotype of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli?
E. coli O157:H7
32
Where in the GIT does enterohaemorrhagic E. coli affect?
- colon - adheres + invades intestinal epithelial cells - causes cell death and bloody diarrhea
33
What is the clinical presentation of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli food poisoning?
- incubation b/w 1 to 10 days (median = 3) - bloody diarrhea - lasts 3 days
34
What is the main complication of food poisoning caused by enterohaemorrhagic E. coli?
Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome
35
What organism causes Traveller's Diarrhea?
enterotoxigenic E. coli
36
What is the clinical presentation of food poisoning caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli?
- incubation b/w 1 to 3 days - watery diarrhea, fever, nausea - self limiting - lasts 1-5 days
37
What 2 toxins are involved in food poisoning caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli?
1. Heat Labile Toxin | 2. Heat Stabile Toxin
38
Where in the GIT does enterotoxigenic E. coli affect?
small GIT - does not invade
39
What organism is the major cause of infantile gastroenteritis?
Enteropathogenic E. coli
40
Where in the GIT does enteropathogenic E. coli affect?
small GIT
41
What is the clinical presentation of infantile gastroenteritis caused by enteropathogenic E. coli?
- watery diarrhea - vomiting - fever
42
Which organism that causes food poisoning can also grow in refrigerated foods?
Listeria monocytogenes
43
Explain how an early-onset neonatal listeria infection is acquired and how it presents
- acquired in utero - presents w/ BSI - HIGH mortality (compared to late onset)
44
Explain how late-onset neonatal listeria infection is acquired and how it presents
- acquired from maternal genital tract during birth - presents w/ meningitis or meningoencephalitis - more common than early onset
45
Is early-onset or late-onset neonatal listeria infection more common?
late-onset
46
What is the treatment of a listeria monocytogenes infection?
high dose ampicillin/amoxicillin | w/ an aminoglycoside (e.g. gentamicin)
47
What is the clinical presentation of infection with a cryptospordium spp infection?
- symptoms begin 2-10 days after infection | - watery diarrhea
48
What is the main mode of transmission of cryptosporidium spp?
- faecal-oral - faecally contaminated food or WATER sources - - resistant to chlorine-based disinfectants
49
What special stain is used to detect cryptosporidium spp under a microscope?
modified acid-fast stain or auramine

GIHEP (24 decks)

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