L16: Vertebral Column

Question 1

list the number of vertebrae in each of the vertebral groups

Answer 1

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3-4 coccygeal

Question 2

arterial supply to cervical region

Answer 2

vertebral and cervical arteries

Question 3

arterial supply to thoracic region

Answer 3

posterior intercostal arteries

Question 4

arterial supply to lumbar region

Answer 4

subcostal and lumbar arteries

Question 5

arterial supply to sacral region

Answer 5

iliolumbar arteries

medial and lateral sacral arteries

Question 6

normal spine curvatures

Answer 6

primary and secondary curves

Question 7

primary curve

Answer 7

present at birth
convex post.
location = thoracic and sacral

Question 8

secondary curve

Answer 8

acquired after birth
concave post.
location = cervical and lumbar

Question 9

list the types of abnormal curves

Answer 9

Kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis

Question 10

kyphosis

Answer 10

exaggerated primary curves

hunchback

Question 11

lordosis

Answer 11

exaggerated secondary curves

extreme arched back

Question 12

scoliosis

Answer 12

lateral curvature of spine

Question 13

what is the centrum of a vertebrae

Answer 13

the body

Question 14

pedicles

Answer 14

attach projections to centrum

Question 15

laminae

Answer 15

roof of vertebral canal

located on post. surface

Question 16

projecting processes of vertebrae

Answer 16

spinous process

transverse processes

Question 17

articular facets of vertebrae

Answer 17

• -sup. and inf. facets w/ next vertebrae

- -zygapophyses

Question 18

costal facets of vertebrae

Answer 18

–on transverse process w/ rib tubercle of same number

–demifacets (half a facet) on centrums w/ heads of ribs

Question 19

cervical vertebrae posses ____ foramens

Answer 19

transverse foramens

Question 20

cervical vertebrae have no ____ processes

Answer 20

transverse processes

Question 21

atlas

Answer 21

C1
supports the head
has a lateral mass

Question 22

axis

Answer 22

C2

allows for head mvt

Question 23

point of mvt for axis

Answer 23

dens/odontoid process

point of rotation for the head

Question 24

cervical prominens

Answer 24

C7

first spinous process that is palpable

Question 25

cervical vertebrae spines bifid

Answer 25

C2-6

Question 26

centrum of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 26

heart shaped

Question 27

Atypical TV

Answer 27

TV1 has a complete costal facet for rib 1 and inferior demifacet for rib 2 instead of having two demifacets - sup. and inf.

Question 28

lumbar vertebrae centrums

Answer 28

large and bulky w/ large, broad spinous processes no ribs

Question 29

origin of multifidi muscle

Answer 29

mamillary processes | on back of each LV

Question 30

describe sacral vertebrae

Answer 30

consists of 5 fused vertebrae

Question 31

alae

Answer 31

Winglike processes of each SV fused together | attached to ilium

Question 32

sacral promontory

Answer 32

lip of centrum of SV1

Question 33

crests of SV

Answer 33

3 posterior crests median crest intermediate crest lateral crest

Question 34

median crest

Answer 34

where spinous processes fused

Question 35

intermediate crest

Answer 35

where articular processes fused

Question 36

lateral crest

Answer 36

where transverse processes fused

Question 37

sacral hiatus

Answer 37

large U | cave like opening at bottom of posterior side of sacrum

Question 38

intervetrabral disc structure

Answer 38

annulus fibrosis - fibrocartilage nucleus pulposus - avascular pulp

Question 39

motion segment

Answer 39

the functional unit of the spine consisting of 2 vertebrae and tissue inbetween

Question 40

anterior motion segment

Answer 40

2 bodies, disc, longitudinal ligaments

Question 41

posterior motion segment

Answer 41

2 neural arches apophyseal joints intervening lig.

Question 42

list the 6 ligaments

Answer 42

ant. longitudinal post. longitudinal supra-spinous lig. inter-spinous lig. ligamentum flavum inter-transverse lig.

Question 43

limits extension and reinforces anterior annulus fibers

Answer 43

anterior longitudinal lig.

Question 44

limits flexion and reinforces posterior annulus fibers

Answer 44

posterior longitudinal lig.

Question 45

ligamentum nuchae

Answer 45

nuchae = neck | supra-spinous lig.

Question 46

limits flexion and runs from base of one spinous process to tip of inferior spinous process

Answer 46

inter-spinous lig.

Question 47

limits flexion, extends from lamina to lamina

Answer 47

ligamentum flavum forms part of roof of vertebral canal

Question 48

mostly in lumbar region and extends to transverse process to next transverse process

Answer 48

inter-transverse lig.

Question 49

ligaments that limit flexion

Answer 49

post. long inter-spinous lig. flavum