L23-24: Abdominal Cavity Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
coelom
A
a body cavity lined w/ mesoderm
2
Q
mesodermal membranes associated w/ a true coelom
A
serous membranes
3
Q
mesenteries
A
double membranes connecting parietal and visceral peritoneum
4
Q
mesentery proper attaches to ______ from ____ flexure to _____ junction
A
small intestine
duodenojejunal
ileocecal
5
Q
functions of mesenteries
A
support viscera
provide pathways for BVs and nerves to reach viscera
6
Q
define retroperitoneal
A
refers to structures that lie behind the peritoneum
aka not w/in coelom
ex. kidneys
7
Q
functions of the liver
A
detoxify blood
storage of glycogen
secrete bile
protein synthesis
8
Q
superior projection of liver
A
xiphisternal junction
9
Q
left projection of liver
A
apex of heart
10
Q
inferior projection liver
A
to midpoint between xiphoid and umb
11
Q
the liver is encased in a fibrous capsule and covered by peritoneum except ?
A
in the bare area
in contact w/ underside of diaphragm
12
Q
list the ligaments of the liver
A
falciform coronary triangular ligamentum teres ligamentum venosum lesser omentum
13
Q
the ligamentum teres is enclosed w/in ?
A
falciform lig.
14
Q
these ligaments surround the bare area
A
coronary ligaments
15
Q
these represent double folds of coronary ligaments
A
triangular ligaments
16
Q
shunted blood from umbilical vein to IVC
A
ligamentum venosum
17
Q
lesser omentum
A
extends from liver to lesser curve of stomach
encloses the portal triad
18
Q
portal triad
A
portal vein
hepatic art
biliary duct
19
Q
liver surfaces
A
diaphragmatic
bare area
visceral surface
20
Q
visceral surfaces of liver
A
gastric; stomach renal duodenal colic; right colic flexure fossa; gall bladder
21
Q
liver recesses
A
Subphrenic
hepatorenal
22
Q
recess between liver and diaphragm
A
subphrenic
23
Q
recess between liver and right kidney
A
hepatorenal recess
Morrison’s pouch
24
Q
portal hepatis
A
entry point for portal triad
25
largest lobe of liver
right
26
lobes of the liver
right
left
caudate
quadrate
27
caudate and quadrate lobes
quadrate in front
28
ducts of the liver
right and left hepatic
common hepatic
common bile duct
29
right and left hepatic ducts
from right/left lobes to common hepatic duct
30
common bile duct
common hepatic duct plus cystic duct
31
define portal system
venous connection between two organs other than the heart
vein connecting two capillary beds
32
hepatic portal system
runs from digestive system to liver
33
gall bladder lies
between quadrate and right lobe
34
gall bladder function
store and concentrate bile
35
common hepatic duct
from the union of right and left hepatic ducts
accompanied by portal vein and proper hepatic art
36
cystic duct
connects common hepatic duct to gall bladder
37
spiral valve
keeps the cystic duct open
38
common bile duct function
opens into duodenum w/ main pancreatic duct
39
what two lobes of the liver are separated by the lesser omentum
left and caudate
40
location of stomach w/in abdominal regions
upper left quadrant
epigastric and left hypochondriac regions
41
list the subdivisions of the stomach
cardiac
fundus
body
pylorus
42
cardiac division of stomach
area where esophagus enters stomach
has cardiac notch located between esophagus and fundus
43
fundus division of the stomach
superior region of stomach
above esophagocardiac line
often contains gas
44
body of stomach
major part of the stomach
between fundus and pylorus
45
pyloric antrum
wide portion of the pylorus subdivision of the stomach
46
pyloric canal
narrow portion of the pylorus
47
pyloric sphincter
controls the rate of entry of chyme into duodenum
48
pylorus of the stomach
region of the stomach that funnels chyme into the duodenum
49
list the curvatures and ligaments of the stomach
greater and lesser curves
greater and lesser omentum = ligaments
50
greater curve of stomach
long convex border of stomach -- inferior
related to greater omentum
51
lesser curve of stomach
shorter concave border -- superior
related to lesser omentum
52
greater omentum of stomach
extends from greater curve and folds back to attach to posterior ab wall
53
what does the greater omentum cover?
transverse colon and small intestine
54
lesser omentum of stomach
extends from lesser curve to liver
55
what is the omental bursa
a pouch behind stomach
| --inbetween stomach and retroperitoneal area
56
anatomical significance of the omental bursa
none
| but it may fill w/ fluid causing infections
57
define rugae of stomach
internal longitudinal ridges w/in stomach cavity
allow for expansion of the stomach
58
hiatal hernia
protrusion of stomach thru esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm
59
what supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach?
the greater ?
lesser = left gastric artery
greater = left gastroepiploic
60
what are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk and which is the largest?
common hepatic
left gastric
splenic - largest
61
largest lymphatic organ
spleen
62
location of the spleen
left hypochondriac region
above left kidney
below diaphragm
63
list 3 major ligaments of the spleen
Gastrosplenic
Phrenicosplenic
lienorenal
64
Gastrosplenic ligament
attaches spleen to stomach
65
Phrenicosplenic ligament
attaches spleen to diaphragm
66
lienorenal ligament
attaches spleen to left kideny
67
the splenic artery gives off 4 branches to supply the spleen. list them
superior polar
superior middle
inferior middle
inferior polar
68
impressions of the spleen
the spleen is in contact w/ other organs which leave impressions -- to give it, its shape
stomach
large intestine
left kidney
69
list the 4 major parts of the pancreas
head
neck
body
tail
70
head of the pancreas
lies in curve of duodenum
anterior to inf. vena cava
71
neck of pancreas
constricted where crossed posteriorly by sup. mesenteric artery
72
body of pancreas
extends across midline
anterior surface has peritoneum but posterior does not
73
the pancreas has exocrine and endocrine functions. describe them
exo -- produce pancreatic juices to aid digestion
endo - produce hormones -- insulin and glucagon
74
pancreatic juices
digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions
75
anatomical location of pancreas
epigastric and left hypochondriac regions
extending from spleen to right kidney
76
major vessels that supply the pancreas
splenic artery
| sup. and inf. pancreaticduodenal arteries
77
list the pancreatic ducts
main pancreatic duct
hepatopancreatic ampulla
accessory pancreatic duct
78
duct of wirsung
the main pancreatic duct
79
duct of santorini
the accessory pancreatic duct
80
main pancreatic duct
runs from tail to head of pancreas
runs thru parenchyma to meet the bile duct
81
hepatopancreatic ampulla
junction of main pancreatic and common bile duct
they combine and dump into duodenum via major duodenal papilla
82
major duodenal papilla
when main pancreatic and common bile duct dump into duodenum
83
accessory pancreatic duct
drains head of pancreas and empties into duodenum
| via minor duodenal papilla
84
list the layers of the gut tract
```
serosa
Subserosa
Muscularis externa
submucosa
Muscularis mucosae
mucosa
internal circular folds
```
85
Muscularis externa =
longitudinal layer + circular layer
also = Muscularis mucosae
86
mucosa =
lamina propria
mucous
epithelium
87
4 major parts of duodenum
superior
descending
horizontal - travels left
ascending - meets jeju
88
duodenum
first section of small intestine
extends from pylorus to jejunum
surrounds head of pancreas
89
blood supply to duodenum
gastroduodenal artery
| sup. mesenteric artery
90
features of duodenum
retroperitoneal
runs L1 - L3
1 ft long
91
the jejunum begins in the ______ quadrant and meets the ileum in the ______ quadrant
upper left
lower right
~8 ft long
92
both the jejunum and ileum are attached to ?
the posterior ab wall by the
mesentery proper of small intestine
93
lengths of the subdivisions of the small intestine
duo - 1 ft
jeju - 8 ft
ileum - 12 ft
total 21 ft
94
blood supply to small intestine
sup. mesenteric artery
| sup. mesenteric vein
95
anatomical differences between jejunum and ileum
jeju - shorter, thicker, redder
96
list the 4 major features of the colon
tenia coli
haustra
epiploic appendages
appendix
97
tenia coli
thickening bands of smooth muscle
| band running along center of colon on exterior side
98
haustra
the pouch like bulging of the colon
| between taneia
99
epiploic appendages
yellow appendages about the tenia coli
100
appendix location
found hanging off the colon just below the beginning of the ascending colon
101
list the sections of the large intestine
```
ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid colon
rectum
```
102
ascending colon location
from cecum to right colic flexure
103
transverse colon location
from right colic flexure to left colic flexure
104
the transverse colon and sigmoid colons are suspended by ?
transverse mesocolon
sigmoid mesocolon
105
the transverse colon is supplied by the ? the descending and sigmoid colon are supplied by ?
sup. mesenteric
| inf. mesenteric
106
descending colon location
from left colic flexure to pelvic brim
107
descending colon attachment
mostly covered by peritoneum
| but post side is fused w/ post ab wall
108
sigmoid colon location
begins at pelvic brims
| and continues to be rectum
109
rectum
fixed terminal portion of colon
| begins at sacral vertebra S3
110
cecum
large, blind-ended pouch continuous w/ ascending colon
found where ileum meets colon
111
clinical significance of McBurney's point
2/3 distance umbilicus to ASIS
pressing here will stim pain in appendicitis patients
112
internal sphincter
thick ring of circular smooth muscle
surrounding upper part of anal canal
controlled involuntarily by ANS
113
ANS stimulation of rectal sphincters
internal sphincter control
parasym = relaxation
sym = contraction
114
external sphincter
3 rings of skeletal muscle
voluntary control
extends entire length of anal canal
115
the external sphincter is under ______ control via branches of the ______ nerve.
voluntary control
| pudendal nerve
116
define anal columns
5-10 longitudinal folds in mucosa in upper half of anal canal
end at pectinate line
117
significance of pectinate line
marks the junctions between endoderm and ectoderm derived portions of anal canal
