L17: Control Of Bladder Emptying

Question 1

Where does urine from to after the collecting duct

Answer 1

Minor calyx

Question 2

Where does urine flow to after the minor calyx

Answer 2

Major calyx

Question 3

Where does urine flow to after the major calyx

Answer 3

Renal pelvis

Question 4

Where does urine flow to after the renal pelvis

Answer 4

Ureter

Question 5

What can obstruct the ureter

Answer 5

Kidney stones
Tumours
Fibrosis

Question 6

What is the treatment for kidney stones in the ureter

Answer 6

Removal

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Question 7

What are the layers of the urinary bladder form inside to outside

Answer 7

Urothelium
Lamina propia
Detrusor smooth muscle
Serosa

Question 8

What type of junctions does the urothelium have

Answer 8

Tight junctions

Question 9

What does the urothelium have tight junctions

Answer 9

So fluid cannot pass into it

Question 10

What does the lamina propia contain

Answer 10

Blood vessels
Lymphatics
Nerves
Intersitial cells of CAJAL

Question 11

What does the sensory nerves in the lamina propia detect

Answer 11

Chemical

Stretch

Question 12

What nervous system is the detrusor smooth muscle innervated by

Answer 12

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

Question 13

What neurotransmitter does the parasympathetic post ganglionic neurones release

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

What neurotransmitter does the post ganglionic sympathetic neurone release

Answer 14

Noradrenaline

Question 15

Which receptors does acetylcholine act on the detrusor smooth muscle

Answer 15

Muscarinic 3 receptor

Question 16

Which receptors does noradrenaline act on the detrusor smooth muscle

Answer 16

Beta 3 receptor

Question 17

What does parasympathetic innervation to the detrusor muscle to do

Answer 17

Contraction to expel urine out

Question 18

What does the sympathetic nervous system cause the detrusor muscle to do

Answer 18

Relaxation to store urine

Question 19

What does continence mean

Answer 19

To not urinate

Question 20

What does void mean

Answer 20

Empty the bladder and urinate

Question 21

What happens to the pressure inside the bladder when we are continent

Answer 21

Decreases

Question 22

What happens to the sphincters during continence

Answer 22

Activated/contract

Question 23

What happens to the pressure inside the bladder when we void

Answer 23

Increase due to a contraction of the muscle

Question 24

What happens to the sphincters when we void

Answer 24

Relax

Question 25

Which floor does the bladder sit on top of

Answer 25

The pelvic floor

Question 26

What is the pelvic floor made of

Answer 26

Levator ani | Coccygeous

Question 27

What is the levator ani made of

Answer 27

Pubococcygous Iliococcygeous puborectalis

Question 28

When can the pelvic floor weaken

Answer 28

In childbirth

Question 29

What are the types of innervation of the urethra

Answer 29

Somatic | Autonomic

Question 30

Which part of the urethra does the somatic system innervate

Answer 30

External urethral sphincter that has Striated skeletal muscle

Question 31

Which layer of the urethra does the autonomic nervous system innervate

Answer 31

Smooth muscle

Question 32

Describe the process that occurs during continence

Answer 32

1) somatic NS innervated the external urethral sphincter so it is contracted 2) sympathetic NA is activated which contracts the internal urethral sphincter (inside the bladder) 3) parasympathetic NS is inactive

Question 33

Describe what happens during voiding

Answer 33

1) somatic and sympathetic NS are inactivated | 2) parasympathetic NS is activated which causes the detrusor muscle to contract and void

Question 34

What type of innervation does the pudenal nerve have

Answer 34

Somatic

Question 35

What does the pudenal nerve supply

Answer 35

The external urethral sphincter

Question 36

What type of innervation does the Pelvic nerve have

Answer 36

Parasympathetic

Question 37

What does the pelvic nerve supply

Answer 37

The detrusor smooth muscle

Question 38

What type of innervation does the hypogastric nerve have

Answer 38

Sympathetic

Question 39

What does the hypogastric nerve supply

Answer 39

Internal urethral sphincter | Detrusor smooth muscle

Question 40

Where does the sensory nerves send the signal to

Answer 40

Pontine micturition centre

Question 41

When does stress in continence

Answer 41

When the abdominal pressure increases when you cough or sneeze

Question 42

Why does stress incontinence occur in females after childbirth

Answer 42

Anterior vaginal walls is damages so posterior wall of urethra collapses open

Question 43

What is the treatment for stress incontinence

Answer 43

Surgical by addition support to the anterior vaginal wall | Pelvic floor exercises

Question 44

What are the pharmacological interventions for an overactive bladder

Answer 44

Antimuscarinic drug Botulinum toxin to stop PNS B3 adrenoceptor agonist

Question 45

What is the treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 45

Surgical: reduce size Medical: alpha adrenoceptor antagonist