L19: Development Of The Urogenital System

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra

Answer 1

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra

Question 2

Which duct connects to the prostatic urehtra

Answer 2

• Ejaculatory duct (connection of the seminal vesicle and vas deferens)
• bladder

Question 3

When the mesoderm forms which 3 parts are there

Answer 3

Somatic lateral plate mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm

Question 4

Which 2 components arise form the intermediate mesoderm

Answer 4

Urinary system

Genital system

Question 5

When the embryo begins to fold what happens to the intermediate mesoderm

Answer 5

Bulges into the peritoneal cavity known as intra embryonic coelum and gives rise to the urogenital rusge

Question 6

When the urogenital ridge forms what are the 2 parts of it

Answer 6

Gonadal ridge

Nephrogenic cord

Question 7

What does the gonadal ridge contain

Answer 7

Gonad

Question 8

What does the nephrogenic cord contain

Answer 8

Paramesonephric duct

Mesonephric duct

Question 9

What does the paramesonephric duct form

Answer 9

The female duct system

Question 10

What does the mesonephric duct form

Answer 10

The male duct system

Question 11

Where does the kidney derive from

Answer 11

Nephrogenic cord

Question 12

What are the 3 staged of kidney evolution

Answer 12

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

Question 13

What is the pronephros

Answer 13

The most primitive kidney that develops in the cervical region which disappeares

Question 14

What is the mesonephros

Answer 14

Functioning kidney in most anomiates located in the thoroacolumbar region
In humans it then disappears and ductus from the male genital duct - mesonephric duct

Question 15

What is the metanephros

Answer 15

The functioning kindey of most amniates and in humans located in the sacral region

Question 16

What does the mesonephric duct form so it can connect to the mesonephric blastema

Answer 16

Uteric bud

Question 17

What does metanephric blastema form

Answer 17

The nephrogenic cord that from the kidney

Question 18

When the uteric bud penetrates to the metanephric blastema what does it form

Answer 18

The major calyx
Minor calyx
Ureter

Question 19

What does the metanephric blastema form

Answer 19

The other layers of the collecting tubules

Question 20

What happens to the Kidney when it forms in the sacral region

Answer 20

Ascends up

Question 21

What happens to the pronephros and mesonephros

Answer 21

Disappear

Question 22

What forms the ureters

Answer 22

Uteric bud

Question 23

When the endoderm fold during folding what structure does it form that gives rise to the bladder and the urethra

Answer 23

Cloca

Question 24

What are the 2 parts of the cloca

Answer 24

Anterior part

Posterior part

Question 25

What does the anterior part form

Answer 25

Bladder and urethra

Question 26

What does the posterior part of the cloca form

Answer 26

The primitive rectum

Question 27

In males what happens to the mesonephric duct when the bladder forms

Answer 27

Gets absorbed into the wall of the bladder which will become the ducts deferens in the future

Question 28

At the neck of the bladder what forms to give rise to the prostate gland

Answer 28

New buds

Question 29

Which structure forms the posterior wall of prostatic turban

Answer 29

Mesonephric duct

Question 30

What is the tip of male urethra that opens to the outside derived from

Answer 30

The endoderm

Question 31

Which gene in the Y chromosome allows the development of the testis

Answer 31

SRY gene

Question 32

In females what does the absence of SRY gene cause

Answer 32

Expression of NNT4 that differentiates gonads into ovaries

Question 33

Describe the process that occurs to from the testis

Answer 33

1) coelimic epithelium form primary sex cords which develop into future seminiferous tubules where PCGS are 2) mesonephric duct forms the rete testis 3) the remaining layer of tunica albuginea divides the testis into lobules that contain the seminiferous tubules

Question 34

Describe the process that occurs in ovary development

Answer 34

1) coelimic epithelium cells do not penetrate deeply to the medullary mesenchyme to form the primordial follicles 2) PCGS are located within the primordial follicles 3) Müllerian duct forms into the uterine tube

Question 35

Which cells in the testis produce testosterone

Answer 35

Leydig cells

Question 36

What are the 2 rings of the inguinal canal

Answer 36

Deep inguinal ring | Superficial inguinal ring

Question 37

Describe how the inguinal canal is formed as the testis descends

Answer 37

1) the gubernaculum that is attached to the base of the scrotum shortens 2) this forms a small pouch of the peritoneum called the processes vaginalis 3) as the gubernaculum contracts is brings the layers of the abdominal wall 4) internal oblique muscle become the cremasteric fascia that contains the cremasteric muscle 5) external oblique muscle becomes the external spermatic fascia 6) transversal is fascia become the internal spermatic fascia 7) processes vaginalis i.e parietal peritoneum becomes the tunica vaginalis 8) the gubernaculum remnant becomes the ligament of the scrotum

Question 38

In females what is the descent of the ovaries too far prevented by

Answer 38

The developing uterus

Question 39

What are the remnants of the gubernaculum in females

Answer 39

Ligament of ovary | Round ligament of uterus

Question 40

Which ligament passes the inguinal canal in females

Answer 40

Ligament of the uterus

Question 41

What is undescended testis called

Answer 41

Crytochoidism

Question 42

What is the difference between cyptochoidism and ectopic testis

Answer 42

Cryptochoidism- undescended testis along the initial descending pathway Ectopic testis - testis can occur anywhere form the abdominal to the groin region

Question 43

What is the complications/risks of cryptochoidism

Answer 43

Increased risk of testicular torsion Inguinal hernia Decreased fertility Increased risk of testicular cancer

Question 44

What hormone does the developing testis and the Sertoli cells cells secrete

Answer 44

Anti mullerian hormone

Question 45

What does the anti mullerian hormone cause

Answer 45

Regression of the Müllerian duct (female duct) and formation of the wolffian duct

Question 46

What structures does the wolffian duct form

Answer 46

Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicle Ejaculatory duct

Question 47

What happens in males to allow the Müllerian duct to develop

Answer 47

Oestrogen is produced which regresses the wolffian duct and develops the Müllerian duct

Question 48

What structures does the Müllerian duct give rise to

Answer 48

Fallopian tubes Uterus Proximal 1/3rd of the vagina

Question 49

Where is the wolffian duct derived from

Answer 49

The mesonephric duct - where the kidney develops from

Question 50

In females what is the Müllerian duct derived from

Answer 50

The paramesonephric ducts

Question 51

In females what forms the lower 2/3rd of the vagina

Answer 51

Endoderm

Question 52

When the paramesonephric ducts cross medially, they drag a fold of peritoneum which fuse together, what does this peritoneum form

Answer 52

The broad ligament

Question 53

In the embryo external genitalia what are the structures that are present

Answer 53

Genital tubercle Genital swelling Genital folds

Question 54

What structure does the genital tubercule form in the males

Answer 54

Glans penis

Question 55

What structure does the genital tubercle form in females

Answer 55

Clitoris

Question 56

What structure does the genital fold form in males

Answer 56

Penis shaft

Question 57

What structure does the genital folds form in females

Answer 57

Labia minus

Question 58

What structure does the genital swelling form in the males

Answer 58

Scrotum

Question 59

What structure does the genital swelling form in females

Answer 59

Labia majora

Question 60

What is hypospadias

Answer 60

When the genital folds failure to fuse together along the undersurface of the shat of the penis that leads to abnormal urethral orifices

Question 61

If the urethra opens at the dorsal surface of the penis what is this known as

Answer 61

Epispodias