L2 - Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

What is the plasmid?

1

Answer 1

Small loops of DNA which only carry a few genes

Question 2

What is the capsule?

What is the capsule for?

(3)

Answer 2

Is a slimy layer made of protein

Prevents bacteria from desiccating (drying out)

Protects bacteria against hosts immune system

Question 3

what is the flagella for?

1

Answer 3

Rotates to enable the bacteria to move

Question 4

What is the pili for?

Answer 4

adhering to surfaces / other bacteria

Question 5

What do many prokaryotic cells have that eukaryotic cells don’t?

(3)

Answer 5

one or more plasmids

a capsule surrounding the cell

one or more flagella

Question 6

What are they key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

(5)

Answer 6

Prokaryotic cells:

• cell is much smaller
• no membrane-bound organelles
• smaller ribosomes
• no nucleus
• has a cell wall made of murein

Question 6

How do membrane bound organelles of prokaryotic compare to eukaryotic?

Answer 6

Pro - no membrane bound organelles, instead Mesosomes which are foldings of the cell membrane that provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes involved in respiration

Euk - mitochondria, chloroplasts, ER + golgi are membrane bound

Question 7

How do ribosomes of prokaryotic compare to eukaryotic?

Answer 7

Prokaryotic - 70S - smaller ribosomes found in prokaryotic cells, mitochondria + chloroplasts

Eukaryotic - 80S - larger ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells

Question 8

How does the nucleolus of prokaryotic compare to eukaryotic?

Answer 8

Pro - no nucleus - has singular loop of DNA free in the cytoplasm which isn’t protein bound

Euk- has a double membrane, protein bound nucleus

Question 9

How does the cell wall of prokaryotic compare to eukaryotic?

Answer 9

Pro - contains murein, a glycoprotein

Euk - plant - made of microfibrils of cellulose
Fungi - Made of chitin