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Micro - Block 2 > L2 - Staph vs Strep > Flashcards

L2 - Staph vs Strep Flashcards

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1
Q

There are three Staphylococcus Species.

What are they?

A

Staph Aureus

Staph Epidermidis

Staph Saprophyticus

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2
Q

Are all 3 staph species gram-positive?

A

yes, gram +

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3
Q

Staph Epidermidis

what kind of pathogen is this?

A

opportunistic

nosocomial infections

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4
Q

Staph Saprophyticus

what kind of pathogen is this?

A

UTIs in women

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5
Q

There are three Streptococcus species, what are they?

A

Staph Pyogenes Staph Pneumoniae Group B streptococci ( S. agalactiae)

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6
Q

Are all the strep species gram +?

A

YES!

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7
Q

Staphylococci occur in what kind of way?

A

Single and in pairs, mostly in clusters!

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8
Q

Staphylococci. Are the Catalase + or Catalase -?

A

Catalase +

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9
Q

Streptococci occur in what kind of way?

A

pairs, short and long chains!

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10
Q

Streptococci. Catalase + or Catalase -?

A

Catalase -

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11
Q

How to differentiate between the 3 Staph species?

A

if they have coagulase activity.

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12
Q

Which Staph specie is + for Coagulase activity?

A

Staph Aureus

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13
Q

Which staph species are Coagulase -?

A

Staph. Epidermidis Staph Saprophyticus

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14
Q

Coagulase?

A

ability to coagulate plasma. Fibrinogen to fibrin ( insoluble)

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15
Q

Virulence Factors in Staph Aureus

A

Hemolysins Leukocidin Protein A Coagulase

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16
Q

Staph Aureus Invasive disease traits:

A

Alpha & leukocidin lyse cells by disrupting cell membrane integertiy- result in the tissue destruction and abcess formation seen with invasive staphlococcal disease. Protein A- binds Fc of IgG molecule ( prevents phagocytosis) Teichoic Acids- binds fibronectin on mucosal surfaces

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17
Q

Staph Toxins

A

Alpha Toxin - Lyses cells by forming pores in epithelium Enterotoxins - food poisoning toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 - causes hypotensive shock, rash, and cytokine elaboration Exofoliative toxin -staphylococcus scalding skin syndrome (SSSS) Panton-Valentine Leukocidin PVL - necrotic lesions involving skin and mucosa

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18
Q

PVL and Staph Aureus

A

-PVL and SA infections are associated with higher incidence of sepsis, high fever, leukopenia, hemoptysis, pleural effusion, and mortality. -Severe soft tissue and bone infection -necrotizing pneumonia -pvl genes are being found in increasing prevalence in community acquired MRSA

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19
Q

MRSA creates ?

A

PVL

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20
Q

Clinical Syndromes of Staph Aureus

A

Skin infections - folliculitis -furuncles (boils) -wounds -impetigo

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21
Q

Clinical syndromes of Staph Aureus

A

-Bacteremia -Endocarditis -Pneumonia -Osteomyelitis -Septic Arthritis

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22
Q

Staph Aureus Virulence Factors

A

Toxin-mediated disease - exfoliatin- toxin that causes sloughing of the outermost layer of the skin (SSSS) -TSST-1* - toxin which causes the hypotension, rash, desqamation and production of cytokines (TSS) Enterotoxins- acid and heat resistant toxins causes food poisoning occurs 1-8 hours after toxin ingestion. *super antigen

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23
Q

Epidemioglogy of Staph Aurus

A

-Can be carried on skin, urogenital tract -resist drying spread by contact or formites ( towels)

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24
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis of Staphylocci

A

direct gram stain and culture culture on BAP ( blood agar plate) or mannitol salt sugar usually strong BETA hemolytic ( staph aureus) non hemolytic ( staph epidermidis) Catalase test + Coagulase + Gram +

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25
Staph infections- treatment
Oxacillin, cephalosporin, or vancomycin (MRSA) drainage of lesions plasmid encoded beta-lacatamases common
26
Streptococcus pyogenes, which lancefield group? Hemolytic ?
Beta-Hemolytic. Lancefield group A.
27
Streptoccus agalactiae, which lancefiels group? Hemolytic?
Beta-Hemolytic. Lancefield group B.
28
Streptococcus pneumoniae. which hemolytic?
Alpha Hemolytic.
29
Enterococcus Species (Formerly Lancefield group ?)
Group D. Gamma-Hemolytic.
30
Strep Pneumoniae
Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis, bactermia.
31
Strep Pyogenes
Pharyngitis, scarlet fever, toxic shock, erysipleas, pyoderma, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis.
32
Strep Agalactiae
neonatal infections ( meningitis, pneumonial, bactermia, postpartum sepsis.)
33
Viridans group
Bacteremia, endocarditis, dental
34
Streptococci general traits
pairs, short and long chains Catalase -
35
Streptococci clinical presentation
Pyogenic- pus, oral, enteric
36
Strep Pyogenes
Pharynigitis, scarlet fever, toxic shock Short chains in clinical samples Longer chains on liquid media Beta Hemolytic
37
As a microbiologist, you have completed a gram stain and see that the bacteria in question is Gram + cocci but you cannot differentiate if they are in chains or clusters. What test could you perform to help you determine if it is staph or strep? Catalase test Acid-fast staining Aerobe testing Antibiotic resistance testing
**Catalase test**
38
You decide to go on a picnic with some friends and pack sandwiches. The sandwiches have been sitting out for a bit but you make the call that they should be fine. 2 hours later everyone starts to feel sick and vomit. What S. Aureus toxin is at fault? Alpha toxin exfoliative toxin PVL TSST enterotoxin
**enterotoxin**
39
Streptococcus Pyogenes Virulence Factor
Streptokinase streptolysins Erythrogenic toxin- associated with rash of scarlet fever, superantigen Exotoxin A- associated with toxic shock Exotoxin B- associated with necrotiing fasciitis Capsule M Protein
40
M-Protein : Steptococcus pyogenes
resist phagocytosis binds factor H mimics host antigens Molecular mimicry
41
Protein F- Streptococcus Pyogenes
Binds Fribronectin
42
Protein G : Streptococcus Pyogenes
Binds antibodies via Fc region
43
C-polysaccharide : Streptococcus pyogenes
antigeneic, cross reactive with host components
44
Peptidoglycan : Streptococcus pyogenes
Induces chronic inflammation
45
Pathogenesis of respiratory Infections : streptococcus pyogenes
inhibits phagocytosis and complement
46
Diseases group A strep : Streptococcus Pyogenes: Suppurative diseases
- Pharyngitis - Scarlet Fever - Streptococcal Toxic Shock - Cellulitis - Fasciitis
47
Disease group A : Non-Suppurative disease : Streptococcus pyogenes
- Rhemutatic fever - Glomerulonephritis
48
Streptococcus Pyogenes : Clinical Presentation
- Strep Throat - fever, malaise, headache - pharyngitis develops 2 to 4 days after exposure
49
Streptococcus Pyogenes: Scarlet Fever
Infecting strains has a lysogenic phage encoding a exotoxin exotoxing is spread through circulatory system diffuse rash over the body and fever -strawberry tonuge
50
Skin infections caused by S. Pyogenes
- impetigo ( may involve S. Aureus) - Cellulitis - Necrotizing fasciitis ( flesh EATING)
51
52
Non-suppurative diseases : Strep Pyogenes
Acute Glomerulonephritis - edema, hypertension, proteinuria, hematuria ( blood and protein in urine) - involves deposition of antigen-antibody complexes (type 3 hypersensitivity) - occurs 10 days following infection
53
Non suppurative diseases : Strep Pyogenes
Rhematic fever - inflammatory response to streptococcal antigens - fever,carditis, polyarthitiris - patients 5-15, approcimately 3 weeks after pharyngitis - can last 2-3 months - no diagnostic test - chronic progresssive heart damage - prophylaxis prevent reoccurence
54
Diagnosis of group A : Steptococcus Pyogenes
- Bacitracin sensitive - rapid strep test (antigen detection) - serologic tests ( anti-strepolysis o titers)
55
treatment of group A strep pyogenes
Treatment : Penicillin
56
Pertinient Features of Group A Strep Pyogenes
Indigenous microflora person to person spread, fomites Adhesions - Lipteichoic acid (LTA) - interact with host fibronectin Spread - proteases, hyaluronidase, DNAse and streptokinase - Resistance to phagocytosis - M protein - Hyaluronic acid capsule - Tissue Damage - Exotoxins
57
Group B Streptococcus :
Streptococcus Agalactiae
58
Strep Agalactiae
Puerperal Sepsis, Septicemia, Pneumonia, newborn meningitis Larger than group A, and beta-hemolysis zone is smaller
59
Group B Strep Agalactiae
Outermost- capsule cells wall - glucosamine, rhamnose, galactose
60
pathogenesis of group B strep agalactiae
requires complement -enzymes- deozyribonucleases, hyalronidase, nerumoinidase, location- upper resp. lower GI vagina
61
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
cells are lancet shaped or in pairs or shoft chains Alpha- hemolytic inhabitiant of the thorat and nasopharynx of healthy individuals gram +
62
Normal Flora is found in all but? - Genitourniary - Oral Cavity - Optic Cavity - Nares
-optic cavity
63
Fungi are not part of our microbiome?
F. They are!
64
To enhance the growth of the good bacteria in your gut microbiome, what would you eat? - yogurt - fiber - probiotic pills - popsicles
-fiber bc its a prebiotic!
65
The main cause of dysbiosis is? - Diet Change - Prebiotics - Probiotics - Antibiotics
-Anitibiotics
66
Clostidium Species would classify as : -good bacteria or bad bacteria? efficient or poor harvesters?
Bad bacteria- efficient harvesters
67

Micro - Block 2 (4 decks)

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