L2 The Skull and Cranial Cavity

Question 1

List the tissues covering the skull superficially

Answer 1

Skin

Connective tissue (dense)

Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis muscle

Loose connective tissue

Periosteum of the skull

SCALP

Question 2

Which layer of the scalp will contain the majority of the blood vessels supplying the tissues of the scalp?

A.Aponeurotic

B.Dense Connective Tissue

C.Loose Connective Tissue

D.Periosteal

E.Skin

Answer 2

B.Dense Connective Tissue

Question 3

Why do lacerations to the scalp bleed profusely and how is this fixed?

Answer 3

The dense connective tissue layer is unable to retract to its original position

-Blood vessels remain open

All layers must be closed during suturing

Question 4

Complete the diagram

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the skull?

Answer 5

Bony casing which surrounds the brain

Question 6

What are the 2 portions of the skull?

Answer 6

• Neurocranium -Bones surrounding the brain
• Viscerocranium -Facial skeleton

Question 7

Bones join at _______

Question 8

When do sutures form?

Answer 8

-These form at ~5 years of age

Question 9

What structure is present before fontanelles are formed?

Answer 9

Before this cartilaginous structures called fontanelles are present

Question 10

Most bones share a name with the ______ of the brain which they cover

Answer 10

Most bones share a name with the lobe of the brain which they cover

Question 11

Label the neurocranium

Answer 11

Question 12

Label the viscerocranium

Answer 12

Question 13

Which bone does not directly suture with the frontal bone?

A.Ethmoid

B.Maxilla

C.Mandible

D.Parietal

E.Zygomatic

Answer 13

C.Mandible

Question 14

What is the pterion and what runs deep to it?

Answer 14

• Suture point between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid
• Middle Meningeal Artery (MMA) runs deep to it

Question 15

What does the diagram show?

Answer 15

Pterion

Question 16

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 16

-Build up of CSF in the skull

Question 17

What condition does this show?

Answer 17

Hydrocephalus

Question 18

What causes an aneurism or haemorrhage?

Answer 18

-Compromised vasculature

Question 19

What does this show?

Answer 19

Question 20

What does foramina mean?

Answer 20

small hole

Question 21

What is a cranial foramina?

Answer 21

Sites of exit and entry to the skull

• Veins and cranial nerves exit
• Arteries enter

Question 22

Complete the cranial nerves

Answer 22

Question 23

Complete the cranial foramina

Answer 23

Question 24

Label the cranial foramina

Answer 24

Question 25

Label the 11 cranial foramina

Answer 25

Question 26

The olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for conveying special sensory information. Which sense is this nerve responsible for? A.Balance B.Hearing C.Smell D.Taste Touch

Answer 26

C. Smell

Question 27

Which main arteries provide blood supply to the brain?

Answer 27

- Internal carotid artery - Vertebral artery

Question 28

What arteries form the cerebral arterial circle/circle of willis?

Answer 28

Formed by an anastomosis between: - 2 Internal Carotid arteries (ICA) - 2 Vertebral arteries

Question 29

Vertebral arteries enter at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_where they unite to form the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 29

Vertebral arteries enter at the foramen magnum where they unite to form the basilar artery.

Question 30

Complete the diagram of the blood supply to the brain

Answer 30

Question 31

Common carotid lies deep to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

Common carotid lies deep to sternocleidomastoid

Question 32

Internal carotid supplies the \_\_\_\_\_\_ External carotid supplies the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

Internal carotid supplies the brain External carotid supplies the face

Question 33

Label the diagram on blood supply to the brain

Answer 33

Question 34

What does the cerebral arterial circle allow for?

Answer 34

These anastomoses allow for collateral circulation

Question 35

What arteries does the cerebral arterial circle give rise too?

Answer 35

Gives rise to the cerebral arteries - Anterior - Middle - Posterior

Question 36

label the blood vessels from the cerebral arterial circle

Answer 36

Question 37

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 37

-supplies the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole.

Question 38

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 38

-the lateral surfaces and temporal pole.

Question 39

What does the inferior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 39

-the inferior surfaces and occipital pole.

Question 40

Label the cerebral arteries

Answer 40

Question 41

What causes a stroke?

Answer 41

Strokes are caused by an embolism in a cerebral artery.

Question 42

How do strokes cause a neurlogical defecit?

Answer 42

No anastomoses of cerebral arteries once within the brain - No way to avoid ischaemia - Hence neurological deficit The vessel, and so the area of the brain supplied by the vessel, will affect what these deficits will be

Question 43

What does this show?

Answer 43

ischaemia caused by stroke

Question 44

What does this show?

Answer 44

Ischaemia caused by stroke

Question 45

The middle cerebral artery is most commonly involved in strokes. What portion of the brain does this artery supply? A.Anterior B.Inferior C.Lateral D.Posterior Rostral

Answer 45

C.Lateral