L2 Where data comes from

Question 1

what does one zettabyte = ….

Answer 1

a trillion gigabytes

Question 2

2024 there was how many volumes of data in zettabytes?

Answer 2

147

Question 3

where does all of this data now come from?

Answer 3

electronics (phones / wearables / home electronics)

Question 4

by 2025: what is estimated?

Answer 4

that 80% of global data will be unstructured

Question 5

what is meant by unstructured data?

Answer 5

it wouldn’t be sorted in fixed known locations - data will be everywhere

Question 6

what are surveys good at collecting?

Answer 6

large amounts of data

Question 7

what kind of questions do surveys typically have?

Answer 7

standardised questions

Question 8

who are surveys typically asked to?

Answer 8

a sample of the population

Question 9

why are surveys often not asked to more people?

Answer 9

time consuming + expensive

Question 10

more data = an increase in…

Answer 10

…data scepticism

Question 11

more data = more space for…

Answer 11

…misreporting and misrepresenting

Question 12

what in recent years has increased the amount of data produced?

Answer 12

online tools and surveys

Question 13

more bad data is being produced now because of what?

Answer 13

poor quality bad surveys

Question 14

what are less people also doing now and what does this lead to?

Answer 14

answering surveys - which causes issues for the data produced

Question 15

what happens every time we google something on our phones?

Answer 15

data is produced

Question 16

what percentage of the British people said that they believed television news readers to say the truth?

Answer 16

52%

Question 17

……. of British people trust journalists to tell the truth

Answer 17

28% (just over 1/4)

Question 18

Less than …… of British people think that politicians and gov. ministers generally tell the truth

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

who is widely regarded as individuals who do tell the truth?

Answer 19

scientists and professors

Question 20

where is the UK ranked in trusting for our media?

Answer 20

very low

Question 21

what media is trusted the least / the most

Answer 21

least = social media
most = radio

Question 22

what is administrative data originally used for?

Answer 22

keeping records (by governmental departments and agencies)

Question 23

administrative data covers…

Answer 23

…entire populations of registered people

Question 24

what is an example of a record that is administrative data?

Answer 24

health / tax / benefits / car reg / work permits

Question 25

administrative data is not...........avaliable

Answer 25

publicly

Question 26

why is administrative data not publicly available?

Answer 26

as much of it is very personal information

Question 27

what is administrative data often used for when helping with surveys?

Answer 27

as a sampling frame to get a sample

Question 28

will administrative data be the same as other surveys done?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

administrative data is of high quality - true or false + why?

Answer 29

true - as the government collected it

Question 30

what is there when it comes to protecting peoples data?

Answer 30

strict security protocols

Question 31

how is big data generated?

Answer 31

digitally (through online and transactional data)

Question 32

big data is in huge...........and high...........

Answer 32

volume velocity

Question 33

what are examples of different sources of big data?

Answer 33

clicks shares purchases

Question 34

is big data open access data? and why?

Answer 34

no - as it's not collected for research purposes and often used commercially

Question 35

as humans we create d... t.....

Answer 35

data trails

Question 36

google trends example =

Answer 36

spike in "unemployment" google searches over the pandemic

Question 37

who was William Petty?

Answer 37

17th century demographer

Question 38

17th century demographer =

Answer 38

William Petty

Question 39

what did William Petty do? (3 parts)

Answer 39

- began surveying - collecting numbers on people living in London - surveying GDP

Question 40

what does census in latin mean?

Answer 40

to estimate

Question 41

is census is essentially a big...

Answer 41

...survey

Question 42

how many people are in a census? + 2 examples

Answer 42

all people from a population under study - i.e. all in country / all in education

Question 43

how often does a census happen in the UK? + why?

Answer 43

every 10 years - as they are expensive and time consuming

Question 44

when did a census last not happen in the UK?

Answer 44

during peak of WW2

Question 45

when was the most recent UK census

Answer 45

2021

Question 46

when were census' first conducted?

Answer 46

in BC / early AD

Question 47

who can census' now be answered?

Answer 47

one household member for the whole house

Question 48

primary data =

Answer 48

data collected directly by researchers for a very specific purpose and used for that purpose

Question 49

example of creating primary data =

Answer 49

conducting a survey + using results in report for a dissertation

Question 50

primary data is directly for what?

Answer 50

ones own use

Question 51

pros of primary data =

Answer 51

- up to date / current - specific to the question - researcher has full control (can pick the q's asked)

Question 52

cons of primary data =

Answer 52

- time consuming - sometimes impossible - can be expensive

Question 53

what happens if conducting primary data is impossible?

Answer 53

have to rely on and use secondary data instead

Question 54

secondary data =

Answer 54

data that has been previously by someone else for a different purpose - but is available for others to use

Question 55

example of using secondary data =

Answer 55

viewing others surveys and data collected + analysing it to answer Q's for a report / coursework

Question 56

secondary data is the number 1 source of data in the UK - true or false?

Answer 56

true

Question 57

pros of secondary data =

Answer 57

- affordable - easily accessible - longitudinal studies are possible

Question 58

what does the pro of longitudinal studies (in 2ndary data) mean?

Answer 58

can compare old data to more recent - see how it has developed and changed over time

Question 59

cons of secondary data =

Answer 59

- can be outdated - not specific to your question - can be time consuming to begin with

Question 60

why might secondary data sometimes be time consuming?

Answer 60

having to find specific data that relates to what you want

Question 61

how to tell good from bad sources of data 1 =

Answer 61

sources - who produced the data?

Question 62

how to tell good from bad sources of data 2 =

Answer 62

purpose - why was it produced?

Question 63

how to tell good from bad sources of data 3 =

Answer 63

time - when was it produced?

Question 64

we can trust what data sources?

Answer 64

- public institutions (ONS) - respected research companies

Question 65

we should be sceptical of what data sources?

Answer 65

- unknown institutions - sources with dubious reputations

Question 66

what data sources can we NEVER trust?

Answer 66

- gov. sources known to use 'fake news' to influence opinions - info published by satirical newspapers

Question 67

lots of data has............ .........

Answer 67

underlying motives

Question 68

example of satirical news =

Answer 68

2012: Onion new paper said rural whites prefer the president of Iran to Obama - which some believed

Question 69

Trump running twitter polls =

Answer 69

2016: where he had underlying motives + leading questions = example of push polling

Question 70

are push polls real surveys?

Answer 70

no

Question 71

what is push polling aiming to do?

Answer 71

sway and influence voters

Question 72

when is push polling most often used?

Answer 72

during political campaigns

Question 73

surveys should never promote what ideas nor try to...

Answer 73

propaganda ideas / change the mind of respondents

Question 74

leading questions =

Answer 74

leads respondents to answer in a certain way (unbalanced)

Question 75

loaded questions =

Answer 75

forces respondents to answer in a way they might not agree (loaded with assumption)

Question 76

it is important to always consider ........ data was collected

Answer 76

...when...

Question 77

a good first critical question when looking at data is...

Answer 77

...where did the data come from?