L21 - Player couping Flashcards
(15 cards)
What makes analysing player trajectories challenging?
Multiple, continuous 2D trajectories
Players’ movements are interdependent
Constrained by task, individual characteristics, and the environment
What does Newell’s model of constraints describe?
Human movement as the result of interactions between individual, task, and environmental constraints.
What is a dynamical system in human movement?
A system where patterned, goal-directed behaviour emerges over time through interaction among components.
What are key characteristics of a dynamical system?
- Interacting components
- Self-organisation
- Stability
What does it mean when a system self-organises?
Order arises from local interactions without a central controller, and patterns emerge naturally.
What is stability in a dynamical system?
The tendency for the system to settle into stable patterns, which are difficult to change without a major disruption.
Why are 1 v 1 player interactions useful to study couplings?
They simplify the problem to two players with x/y positions and velocities (8 dimensions), showing how movements are mutually constrained.
What concept can model 1 v 1 player interactions?
Coupled oscillators, where players exchange energy and information.
What is in-phase coordination in movement science?
When two systems move in the same direction at the same time, with a relative phase of 0°.
What is anti-phase coordination?
When two systems move in opposite directions at the same rate, with a relative phase of 180°.
What does a varying relative phase indicate?
That one player is leading the movement, and this leadership switches over time (e.g., -90° to +90° transition).
How do tennis rallies illustrate coordination dynamics?
They are rhythmic, self-organising systems with periods of stability and instability as players interact.
What causes a perturbation in a tennis rally?
An unexpected or powerful action like a strong serve or return; it may lead to a winner or be neutralised.
What is the practical meaning of phase shifts in player coordination?
A shift from 0° or 180° to another phase (e.g., 50° or 250°) shows one player leading and shaping the movement rhythm.
What did Palut and Zanone (2005) find about coordination in tennis?
Two main frequencies: 0.2 Hz and 0.5 Hz
Two stable coordination modes at 50° and 250°, indicating leader-follower dynamics
