L25

Question 1

what fills the pleural cavity?

Answer 1

serous fluid

Question 2

what holds the parietal and visceral pleurae together?

Answer 2

negative intrapleural pressure

Question 3

what is the ‘stretch’ of the lungs?

Answer 3

movement of the thoracic wall

Question 4

what lines the thoracic cavity?

Answer 4

parietal pleura

Question 5

what kind of parietal pleura extends above the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 5

cervical

Question 6

what kind of parietal pleura covers the inner surface of the thoracic wall?

Answer 6

costal

Question 7

what kind of parietal pleura covers the upper surface of the diaphragm?

Answer 7

diaphragmatic

Question 8

what kind of parietal pleura covers the lateral surface of the mediastinum?

Answer 8

mediastinal

Question 9

what is a pleural recess also known as?

Answer 9

reflection

Question 10

what is a pleural recess?

Answer 10

2 layers of parietal pleura

Question 11

what are the two layers of parietal pleura that make up the pleural recess?

Answer 11

costodiaphragmatic, costomediastinal

Question 12

where are the apex of the lungs located in the thorax?

Answer 12

deep to clavicle, above first rib

Question 13

where are the bases of the lungs located in the thorax?

Answer 13

sitting on the diaphragm

Question 14

what are 3 features of the mediastinal surface of the lungs?

Answer 14

concave impressions, root and hilum, pulmonary ligament

Question 15

on what lung is the concave impression larger and why?

Answer 15

left due to the heart

Question 16

what structures enter/exit the lung through the root/hilum?

Answer 16

pulmonary arteries, primary arteries, primary bronchii

Question 17

what enters the lungs through the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 17

deoxygenated blood

Question 18

what exits the lungs through the pulmonary veins?

Answer 18

oxygenated blood

Question 19

what supports the primary bronchii?

Answer 19

cartilage

Question 20

where are the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins and primary bronchii in relation to each other in the hilum?

Answer 20

arteries lie superiorly, veins inferiorly, bronchi posteriorly

Question 21

what is the hilum of the lung?

Answer 21

depression on medial surface where structures forming the root enter the mediastinal surface of the lungs

Question 22

what is the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 22

a double layer of pleura inferior to the root

Question 23

what is the pulmonary ligaments function?

Answer 23

to accommodate the superior-inferior translation of the lung root during breathing

Question 24

what separates the lobes of the lungs?

Answer 24

connective tissue

Question 25

what do bronchial arteries supply?

Answer 25

the lung tissue and visceral pleura

Question 26

what supplies the parietal pleura?

Answer 26

thoracic wall arteries

Question 27

do the bronchial arteries participate in gas exchange?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

what percent of blood in the lungs is in the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 28

99%

Question 29

what percent of blood in the lungs is in the bronchial circuit?

Answer 29

1%

Question 30

what may the two left bronchial arteries and single right bronchial arteries arise from?

Answer 30

the posterior intercostal arteries

Question 31

what do the bronchial veins drain the lungs of?

Answer 31

deoxygenated blood

Question 32

where do the bronchial veins drain from?

Answer 32

the larger bronchi, visceral pleura and area of the lung near the hilum

Question 33

what does the larynx turn into?

Answer 33

primary bronchi

Question 34

what is a carina?

Answer 34

cartilage where the trachea separates into the bronchi

Question 35

at what standing level of the spine is the carina?

Answer 35

T4/T5

Question 36

how many C-shaped cartilage rings come before the carina?

Answer 36

16 - 20

Question 37

what kind of cartilage are the cartilage rings?

Answer 37

hyaline

Question 38

what is the purpose of the cartilaginous rings on the trachea?

Answer 38

prevents collapse

Question 39

what kind of muscle is the trachealis?

Answer 39

smooth

Question 40

what is the trachealis muscles function?

Answer 40

decreases diameter

Question 41

what is each 2˚ bronchi associated with?

Answer 41

each lobe of the lungs

Question 42

what is each of the 3˚ bronchi associated with?

Answer 42

lobe segments

Question 43

what is the brief clinical importance of the bronchopulmonary segments?

Answer 43

can prevent spread of disease in lungs if other segments are still functioning and have their own bronchi