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ANAT241 > MSK5 L18 - Leg and Ankle > Flashcards

MSK5 L18 - Leg and Ankle Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What roles do the foot and ankle have in stability?

2

A
  • stable base to support body weight during stance and locomotion
  • rigid lever for effective push-off during gait
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2
Q

What roles do the foot and ankle have in mobility?

3

A
  • influences other joints
  • flexible for shock absorption
  • conform to changing surfaces
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3
Q

What is the name of the joint where the tibia and fibula articulate proximally? What kind of joint is this?

A

superior tibiofibular joint

synovial joint

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4
Q

What is the name of the joint where the tibia and fibula articulate distally? What kind of joint is this?

A

inferior tibiofibular joint

syndesmosis - fibrous joint with limited movement

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5
Q

What is the layer between the tibia and fiula called?

A

Interosseous membrane

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6
Q

What ligaments strengthen the inferior tibiofibular joint?

2

A
  • anterior tibiofibular ligament
  • posterior tibiofibular ligament
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7
Q

What are the names of the 7 tarsals?

A
  • talus
  • calcaneus
  • cuboid
  • navicular
  • cuneiform medial
  • cuneiform intermediate
  • cuneiform lateral
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8
Q

What are the three arches of the foot?

A
  • medial longitudinal
  • lateral longitudinal
  • transverse
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9
Q

What purposes do the arches of the foot have?

3

A
  • stability and flexibility
  • absorb and distribute force
  • aid propulsion
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10
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle?

A

hinge joint

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11
Q

What movements can the ankle perform?

A

plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

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12
Q

What bones form the ankle socket?

A
  • medial malleolus (tibia)
  • lateral malleolus (fibula)
  • inferior surface of the distal end of tibia
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13
Q

What tarsal do the tibia and fibula both articulate with?

A

talus

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14
Q

What is the name of the joint between the talus and calcaneus?

A

subtalar joint

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15
Q

What movements happen at the subtalar joint?

A

inversion and eversion

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16
Q

What movements happen at the subtalar joint?

A

inversion and eversion

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17
Q

What movements happen at the subtalar joint?

A

inversion and eversion

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18
Q

What function do the lateral collateral ligaments have?

A

restrict inversion

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19
Q

What function do the medial collateral (deltoid) ligaments have?

A

restricts eversion

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20
Q

Which of the collateral ligaments is strongest?

A

medial collateral (deltoid) ligament, lateral is commonly damaged in ankle sprain

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21
Q

What are the leg muscle compartments?

A
  • anterior (lateral ish)
  • lateral (lateral)
  • deep (middle of leg)
  • posterior (and medial ish)
  • superficial (soleus ish)
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22
Q

What muscle causes plantarflexion?

A

gastrocnemius

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23
Q

Where does the gastrocnemius originate?
Where does it insert?

A
  • originates at the medial and lateral femoral condyles
  • inserts at the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
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24
Q

What are the functions of the gastrocnemius at the knee and ankle? What role does it have in gait?

A
  • flexion at the knee
  • plantarflexion at the ankle
  • propulsion in gait
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25
What nerve innervates the gastrocnemius?
tibial
26
T or F? The soleus crosses the knee joint
False, the soleus is deep to the gastrocnemius and doesn't cross the knee
27
Where does the soleus originate? | 3
- tibia and fibula - interosseous membrane
28
Where does the soleus insert?
calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
29
What are the functions of the soleus at the knee and ankle? What is it important for?
- no function at the knee - plantarflexion at the ankle - important for posture during standing and for propulsion during gait
30
What nerve innervates the soleus?
tibial
31
What are tendons held in place by?
retinaculum (fibrous tissue)
32
What do tendons have associated with them to reduce friction?
bursae
33
What 3 muscles compose the posterior compartment of the leg?
- tibialis posterior - flexor digitorum longus (FDL) - flexor hallicus longus (FHL)
34
Where do the tendons of the muscles of the posterior muscle compartment of the leg pass over?
the medial malleolus
35
What action do the deep flexors perform at the ankle?
plantarflexion, all muscles
36
What action do the deep flexors cause at the toes? | What muscles cause the movement?
- flexion of the big toe by FHL - flexion of other toes by FDL
37
What group of muscles stabilise the medial longitudinal arch?
deep flexors (FDL, FHL, TP) and anterior leg muscles (TA, EDL, EHL)
38
What ligament supports the head of the talus? What helps to increase support to maintain the medial arch?
spring ligament, tibialis posterior tendon
39
What causes flat foot deformity?
if the srping ligament ruptures, it cannot support the head of the talus anymore. could be due to ruptured TP tendon as a result of aging, trauma or denervation
40
What three muscles compose the anterior muscle compartment?
- tibialis anterior (TA) - extensor digitorum longus (EDL) - extensor hallicus longus (EHL)
41
Where does the tibialis anterior insert?
medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal
42
Where does the EDL insert?
distal phalanges of toes 2-5
43
Where does the EHL insert?
distal phalanx big toe
44
Where do the anterior muscle compartments tendons pass under?
extensor retinacula
45
What movement does the anterior muscle compartment cause at the ankle?
dorsiflexion - all muscles
46
What movement does the anterior muscle compartment cause at the toes?
extension of the hallux (EHL) and toes (EDL)
47
What joint uses the tibialis anterior to cause inversion?
subtalar
48
What two muscles compose the lateral compartment?
- fibularis (peroneus) longus - fibularis (peroneus) brevis
49
Where do the lateral compartment muscles originate?
fibula
50
Where does the fibularis (peroneus) longus insert?
base of the 1st metatarsal (passes under foot)
51
Where does the fibularis (peroneus) brevis insert?
base of the 5th metatarsal
52
What arch do the lateral compartment muscles help stabilise?
transverse
53
What movement do the lateral compartment muscles cause at the ankle?
weak plantarflexion (both muscles)
54
What movement do the lateral compartment muscles cause at the subtalar joint?
eversion (both muscles)
55
What arch do **both** the lateral compartment muscles stabilise?
longitudinal
56
What arch do **both** the lateral compartment muscles stabilise?
longitudinal
57
What arch does the fibularis longus stabilise?
transverse, due to it's course along plantar surface of foot)
58
Why is arch support important?
for stability when weight bearing
59
What muscles tendons support the medial longitudinal arch? What aspect of the foot?
- TA - TP - long toe flexor tendons (when walking) | medial aspect
60
What muscles tendons support the lateral longitudinal arch? Which aspect of the foot?
- fibularis longus - fibularis brevis | lateral aspect
61
What muscles tendos support the transverse arch? On which aspect of the foot?
- fibularis longus - small intrinsic muscles of the foot

ANAT241 (18 decks)

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