L25

Question 1

Clinical manifestations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 1

1. Nasal obstruction or congestion
2. Nose bleeding (epistaxis)
3. Mucosal discharge, possibly bloody
4. Sore throat, dysphagia
5. Altered voice
6. Hearing loss or ear fullness (due to Eustachian tube dysfunction)
7. Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
8. Swollen lymph nodes in the neck (cervical lymphadenopathy)
9. Weight loss
10. Fatigue
11. Night sweat and fever
12. Facial numbness or pain
13. Change in facial sensation

Question 2

Diagnostic test for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 2

1. Biopsy
2. Fine needle aspiration
3. CT scan/MRI/PET scan
4. Hearing test

Question 3

Treatment and their side effect for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Answer 3

1. Radiotherapy
   - dry mouth, oral ulcer, tooth hypersentivity, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, hair loss
   - lose sense of taste: sour and bitter; peak impairement ~3 weeks of RT; return in 60-120 days after RT
   - dysphagia
   - destroy of immune system: fatigue, anorexia, weight loss
   - soft tissue fibrosis
2. Chemotherapy
   - nausea, sour mouth, dry mouth
3. Surgery

Question 4

Nursing management of radiotherapy

Answer 4

1. Diet modification: small frequent meals (6-8 times per day); calorie-dense food
2. Mouth condition:
   - avoid hot and spicy food
   - use soft toothbrush
   - do mouth exercise

Question 5

Clinical manifestations of CA larynx

Answer 5

1. Local symptom
   - neck swelling. neck lump, neck pain
   - dysphagia
   - hoarseness
   - sore throat
2. Surrounding area
   - ear pain
   - breathing difficulties
   - excessive coughing
   - hemoptysis (coughing of blood from the lungs)

Question 6

Tracheostomy

Answer 6

1. Partial laryngectomy: temporary tracheostomy
2. Total laryngectomy: permanent tracheostomy

Question 7

Post op care

Answer 7

Keep NPO for 10 days; slip of water –> soft diet –> regular diet
Avoid vigorous exercise for 6 weeks after the procedure