L2.5 - Brain Anatomy

Question 1

Ventricles

Answer 1

2 lateral ventricles, the third and fourth ventricles

~ large internal chambers filled with CSF

Question 2

Where is CSF made and where does it go?

Answer 2

~ made in lateral ventricles

~ moves through ventricles until absorbed by the arachnoid layer

Question 3

CSF function

Answer 3

~ acts as a fluid cushion for bran
~ transports some substances into/out of brain
~ maintains homeostasis of pressure & certain molecules

Question 4

Cranial nerve

Answer 4

~ 12 pairs
~ some bring info from sense organs to brain
~ some control muscles or glands

Question 5

Triune brain

Answer 5

1. reptiles = brain stem
2. early mammals = limbic system
3. late mammals = neocortex

Question 6

Brain stem (4)

Answer 6

~ made up of the medulla, pons and midbrain
~ connects cerebrum and spinal cord
~ extension of spinal cord (nerve fibre tracts)
~ basic regulatory and vegetive functions
‘instincts’

Question 7

Limbic system (4)

Answer 7

explicit memories
emotion
care and protection of offspring
establishing territory

Question 8

Neocortex (3)

Answer 8

abstract reasoning
long-term planning and behaviour
higher sensory functioning

Question 9

Reticular formation

Answer 9

a.k.a. reticular activation system

~ plays a role in arousal

Question 10

Cerebellum

Answer 10

~ divide into diff lobes
~ receives:
1. somatosensory info from spinal cord
2. motor info from cortex
3. balance input from vestibular cortex

Question 11

Cerebellum is responsible for… (3)

Answer 11

~ sensorimotor control
~ learning
~ some cognitive functions e.g. language

Question 12

Hypothalamus (4)

Answer 12

~ subcortical
~ maintains homeostasis
~ reproduction
~ controls hormone releases from pituitary gland

Question 13

Thalamus (2)

Answer 13

~ subcortical

~ relay station in the pathways from sensory receptors to cortex

Question 14

Limbic system contains… (6)

Answer 14

~ Anterior nuclei of thalamus
~ Hypothalamus 
~ Hippocampus
~ Amygdala
~ Parahippocampal gyrus
~ Cingulate gyrus/cortex

Question 15

Hippocampus (2)

Answer 15

~ subcortical

~ memory

Question 16

Amygdala (2)

Answer 16

~ subcortical

~ emotion

Question 17

Parahippocampal gyrus (2)

Answer 17

~ cortical

~ memory

Question 18

Cingulate gyrus/cortex (2)

Answer 18

~ cortical

~ conflict and emotion processing

Question 19

Cerebral hemispheres (3)

Answer 19

~ largest region in brain
~ connected by the corpus callosum
~ each hemisphere divided into four lobes by fissure and sulcus

Question 20

Name the five main fissures/sulcus.

Answer 20

~ Central sulcus
~ Parieto-occipital sulcus
~ Longitudinal fissure
~ Transverse fissure
~ Sylvian/Lateral fissure

Question 21

Fissures

Answer 21

large furrows

Question 22

Sulci

Answer 22

small furrows

Question 23

Gyri

Answer 23

ridges between fissures and sulci

Question 24

Prefrontal cortex is responsible for… (4)

Answer 24

1. decision making
2. response inhibition
3. selection of alternatives
4. working memory