L28 Life in Extreme Environments: Adaptations

Question 1

where did life originate?

Answer 1

water

Question 2

what are abiotic factors?

Answer 2

temperature, water and sunlight

Question 3

what is the ideal temperature for plants?

Answer 3

above freezing and below dehydration 0-45 degrees

Question 4

how has a plant evolved to persist through extreme conditions?

Answer 4

seeds

Question 5

what plants experience low stress and low disturbance?

Answer 5

competitors

Question 6

what plants experience low disturbance and high stress?

Answer 6

stress-tolerators

Question 7

what plants experience high disturbance and low stress?

Answer 7

ruderals

Question 8

what plants experience high stress and high disturbance?

Answer 8

none - not possible

Question 9

how do trees avoid increased temperatures?

Answer 9

they lose their leaves

Question 10

what are arousal points during hibernation?

Answer 10

animals wake up every few days

Question 11

what happens when an animal wakes up during hibernation?

Answer 11

temperature increases - metabolic rate increases (energy costly)

Question 12

during hot temperatures what happens stomata?

Answer 12

they close to prevent water loss/ transpiration

Question 13

what does the ANR gene allow?

Answer 13

toleration of extreme dessication

Question 14

what happened plants who lost ANR gene?

Answer 14

they developed stomata example flowering plants

Question 15

what are serotinous seeds?

Answer 15

they can only germinate after being burnt example Banksia

Question 16

what stress do mangroves experience?

Answer 16

oxygen and salinity

Question 17

what are lenticels?

Answer 17

spongey material that allows oxygen in and out - allows life in water logged soils

Question 18

why is there a superabundance of phytoplankton in Antarctica?

Answer 18

upwellings of deep waters combined with 24 hour days in summer

Question 19

what are probablt the most abundanr animal on the planet?

Answer 19

Antarctic krill ~ 500 million tonnes

Question 20

is the Antarctic Ocean an extreme environment?

Answer 20

No, the deep sea is

Question 21

what is the atm pressure 10metres below sea level?

Answer 21

2atm

Question 22

how do blobfish deal with being 1200m in deep sea?

Answer 22

small and gelatinous to deal with high pressures, no swim bladder or air spaces

Question 23

what is bioluminescence?

Answer 23

animals portray bright colours due to the expression of a specific bioluminescence gene example angler fish

Question 24

what is the advantage of bioluminescence?

Answer 24

easier to find mates and reproduce in deep dark sea