L3 audition

Question 1

what are the 4 features of sound?

Answer 1

Amplitude
Frequency
Phase
Waveform

Question 2

What do perceptions of sound correspond to?

Answer 2

loudness and pitch

Question 3

what is the most sensitive threshold for humans?

Answer 3

2000-5000 Hz

Question 4

What is the threshold for uncomfortable loudness?

Answer 4

100 dB

Question 5

What is the threshold for painful loudness?

Answer 5

120-140

Question 6

What are the fxns of the external ear?

Answer 6

protection
sound gathering
sound localization and elevation detection

Question 7

What does the middle ear consist of?

Answer 7

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 8

What is the stapes?

Answer 8

smallest bone that pounds on the oval window

Question 9

What is the fxn of the middle ear?

Answer 9

impedance matching

Question 10

How much sound would be gained w a middle ear?

Answer 10

34 dB

Question 11

What is the area advantage?

Answer 11

27 dB

Question 12

What is the ossicular lever action?

Answer 12

1.3 dB

Question 13

What is the curved membrane buckling mechanism?

Answer 13

6 dB

Question 14

What is the effect of the stapes pounding on the oval window?

Answer 14

fluid in the cochlea is displaced

Question 15

Where is perilymph found in the inner ear?

Answer 15

scala vestibuli
scala tympani

Question 16

What are the three parts of the cochlea

Answer 16

scala tympani
scala media
scala vestibuli

Question 17

Where would be the maximum displacement of high frequencies in the cochlea?

Answer 17

the base

Question 18

Where would be the maximum displacement of low frequencies in the cochlea?

Answer 18

the apex

Question 19

What makes of the organ of corti?

Answer 19

basilar membrane
3 rows of outer hairs
1 row of inner cells
supporting cells

Question 20

What structure covers the apical matrix of the organ of corti?

Answer 20

tectorial membrane

Question 21

T/F the tectorial membrane is not part of the organ of corti

Answer 21

True

The tectorial membrane covers it, but it is not considered part of the organ of corti

Question 22

What is generated when the basilar membrane move upward?

Answer 22

shear force

Question 23

What happens to the stereocilia when the basilar membrane moves in the downward direction?

Answer 23

they bend in the medial direction

Question 24

What is the result of medial bending of the stereocilia?

Answer 24

MET channels close and hair cells are repolarized

Question 25

What are the two types of hair cells?

Answer 25

outer and inner

Question 26

What is the role of outer hair cells ?

Answer 26

amplify sound

Question 27

What is the role of inner hair cells?

Answer 27

transduce sound

Question 28

..... cells are cylindrical shaped and ..... cells are flask shaped

Answer 28

Outer, inner

Question 29

Activation/inhibition of an PHC causes it to change length. By stretch what protein?

Answer 29

Prestin proteins they allow for recoil

Question 30

What is the most common type of permanent hearing loss?

Answer 30

damage to OHCs

Question 31

Activation of IHC release NT to what neuron?

Answer 31

CN VIII vestibular cochlear

Question 32

What type of fibers are afferents from CNVIII?

Answer 32

Type 1, assoc w IHC

Question 33

What type of fibers are efferents from CNVIII that can modify sound?

Answer 33

Type II assoc w OHC

Question 34

Where is the cochlear nucleus located

Answer 34

in the medulla

Question 35

What are the main fxns of the cochlear nucleus?

Answer 35

relay signal to SOC analyze comples signals and send it to Inf. colliculus

Question 36

Where is the sup. olivary complex located?

Answer 36

pons

Question 37

Which two nuclei are involved in sound localization in the SOC?

Answer 37

Lateral sup. Olive Medial sup. Olive

Question 38

LSO is the localization of what frequency?

Answer 38

high frequency

Question 39

MSO is the localization of what frequency?

Answer 39

low frequency

Question 40

How does the LSO localize high frequency

Answer 40

using sound differences

Question 41

How does the MSO localize low frequency

Answer 41

time differences

Question 42

Where is the inferior colliculus located?

Answer 42

midbrain

Question 43

What coordinates the auditory and visual responses w/ the sup. colliculus?

Answer 43

Inferior colliculus

Question 44

What auditory reflexes is the IC involved in?

Answer 44

auditory startle reflex head turn response

Question 45

Where is the medial geniculate body located?

Answer 45

In the thalamus

Question 46

Where does the highest level of sound processing occur?

Answer 46

auditory cortex

Question 47

What are the components of the olivocochlear bundles

Answer 47

Uncrossed and crossed olivocochlear bundle

Question 48

Auditory memory, complex auditory discrimination, motor responses, and concepts about auditory stimuli are characteristic of what brain structure?

Answer 48

Auditory cortex

Question 49

What hair cells are the UOCB assc w?

Answer 49

LSO, inner hair cells

Question 50

What hair cells are the COCB assc w?

Answer 50

MSO, outer hair cells