L3: Play Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: Pediatric PTs may treat preterm infants in the NICU. PTs may treat individuals until 25 y/o
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A
A. Both statements are true
2
Q
The most effective therapy has always involved the (1)____ and (2)_____.
A
- family
- caretakers
3
Q
This is any spontaneous or organized activity that provides enjoyment, entertainment, amusement or diversion.
A
Play
4
Q
Play can be described with the ff:
I. As an (1)____ having certain characteristics
II. As a (2)_____ contributing to a child’s development and enculturation
III. As an (3)_____ or a ______
A
- activity
- developmental phenomenon
- experience ; state of mind
5
Q
Purposeful play ranges from?
A
3-12 y/o
6
Q
Enumerate the forms of play.
A
- sensorimotor play
- exploratory play
- constructive play
- symbolic/ pretend play
- social play
7
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: A child must be given numerous variety of toys to aid in development
A
False.
It is not necessary to give a lot. In actuality,
a few toys develops imagination and social interaction. Moreover, it encourages the child to seek friendship
8
Q
What is the ideal duration of therapeutic play?
A
10-15 minutes
NOTE: For kids with short attention span, this is a good prognosis already. In playing with water, it may extend until 30 minutes
9
Q
Match the appropriate toy to the following developmental age. Maximum allowable answer of letter is 3.
- Rattles
- Bicycles
- Stuffed animals
- Crayons
- Music boxes
A. infant and toddlers
B. preschool
C. school age
D. adolescent
A
- A
- C
- A
- B
- A
10
Q
Match the appropriate toy to the following developmental age. Maximum allowable answer of letter is 3.
- Art supplies
- Playground equipment
- Music
- Stackable or nesting toys
- Playdough
A. infant and toddlers
B. preschool
C. school age
D. adolescent
A
- B
- C
- C, D
- A
- B
11
Q
Match the appropriate toy to the following developmental age. Maximum allowable answer of letter is 3.
- Athletic equipment
- ride-on-toys
- pretend food
- Exercise equipment
- board games
A. infant and toddlers
B. preschool
C. school age
D. adolescent
A
- B, C, D
- A
- A
- C, D
- C
12
Q
Choose the appropriate toy to the following developmental age. Maximum allowable answer of letter is 3.
- Puzzles
- Puppet Dolls
- Mirror
- Dolls and action figures
- Computer with software
A. infant and toddlers
B. preschool
C. school age
D. adolescent
E. B, C, D
F. All
A
- A, B, C
- B
- A
- C
- F
13
Q
Match the appropriate motivational strategy to the following developmental age.
- Set up enticing environment
- Smiling
- Tickling
- Gross motor play
- Rough-housing
A. newborn - 3y/o
B. 3-5 years
C. 5-12 years
D. 12-18 years
A
- A
- A
- A
- B
- B
14
Q
Match the appropriate motivational strategy to the following developmental age. Maximum allowable answer of letter is 3.
- Encourage reaching, changing positions by
moving toys - Teach caregivers how to do activities with child
- Use imaginative games
- Create art projects child
can take home - Involved family members in the session
A. newborn - 3y/o
B. 3-5 years
C. 5-12 years
D. 12-18 years
A
- A
- A
- B, C
- B
- A, B
15
Q
Match the appropriate motivational strategy to the following developmental age.
- Develop system of rewards and punishment
- Give child a sense of success
- Document progress on chart by using a star
- Draw family members
- Read books
A. newborn - 3y/o
B. 3-5 years
C. 5-12 years
D. 12-18 years
A
- D
- C
- C
- C
- A
16
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: Play is the work of children. It is any fun activity that produces a sense of joy in the participant.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
A
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
17
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: Play enhances a child’s sensorimotor, cognitive, psychosocial, and motor development. The overall goal is to help children/pt move towards better social integration, growth, and development.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
A
A. Both statements are true
18
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: Solitary play is the highest form of play as a child becomes the most imaginative in this method. Alternatively, social play is the lowest form of play.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
A
B. Both statements are false
Highest: social
Lowest: solitary
19
Q
Which of the following may be used to develop gross motor development and crawling?
A. play
B. tunnel
C. toy tent
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
A
D. all of the above
20
Q
Which of the following may be used to develop cognition?
A. octopus
B. musical toy
C. hoola
D. both A & B
E. both B & C
A
B. musical toy
21
Q
Which of the following may be used to develop eye hand coordination?
A. octopus
B. musical toy
C. hoola
D. both A & B
E. both A & C
A
E. both A & C
22
Q
Select the letter/s appropriate for development of Proprioception and Heavy Work
A. Workbench
B. Bike
C. Toy tool set
D. Nest
E. Wheelbarrow
F. Hanging swing
A
E. Wheelbarrow
23
Q
Select the letter/s appropriate for development of Bilateral Coordination, Balance, Gross Motor
A. Workbench
B. Bike
C. Toy tool set
D. Nest
E. Wheelbarrow
F. Hanging swing
A
B. Bike
24
Q
Select the letter/s appropriate for development of Vestibular and Sensory Integration
A. Workbench
B. Bike
C. Toy tool set
D. Nest
E. Wheelbarrow
F. Hanging swing
A
D & F
25
Select the letter/s appropriate for development of Fine Motor and Proprioception
A. Workbench
B. Bike
C. Toy tool set
D. Nest
E. Wheelbarrow
F. Hanging swing
A & C
26
Match the forms of play.
1. develop mastery over their own bodies
2. learn the effect of their actions upon objects and people in the environment
3. helps children learn to express themselves and explore and process their experiences, ideas, and emotions.
A. Sensorimotor Play
B. Constructive Play
C. Exploratory Play
D. Symbolic/ Pretend Play
E. Social Play
1. A
2. A
3. D
27
Match the forms of play.
1. Begins in infancy
2. Peaks at 5 years
3. Common in middle childhood and adolescence
A. Sensorimotor Play
B. Constructive Play
C. Exploratory Play
D. Symbolic/ Pretend Play
E. Social Play
1. E
2. D
3. B
28
Match the forms of play.
1. Makes inanimate objects perform actions
2. Creates art product with adult assistance
3. Works puzzles and building blocks
A. Sensorimotor Play
B. Constructive Play
C. Exploratory Play
D. Symbolic/ Pretend Play
E. Social Play
1. D
2. B
3. B
29
Match the forms of play.
1. Interaction between the infant and mother,
2. Enables children to engage in complex social games
3. Gradually declines through the preschool years, but it reappears when the child is learning new skills
A. Sensorimotor Play
B. Constructive Play
C. Exploratory Play
D. Symbolic/ Pretend Play
E. Social Play
1. E
2. E
3. C
30
Determine the pediatric equipment.
● Level of activity needed
● If overused, it can cause dizziness
● May be used for: stimulation, relaxation or inhibition
Rainbow Barrel
31
Determine the pediatric equipment.
● Like a half-sized gym ball
● Stable
Bosu Ball
32
Determine the pediatric equipment.
● Promote standing ability as the child crawls
Standing Bars
33
Determine the pediatric equipment.
● Indicated for adductor spasticity
● Placed with toys in front of the child to promote activity and attention span
Hip Abduction Pillow (Freska)
34
Determine the pediatric equipment.
● AKA inclined foam
Positioning Wedges
35
Determine the pediatric equipment.
● Placed inside a standing box
Bolster
36
TRUE OR FALSE: Play is an an adaptive mechanism promoting cognitive growth and it also creates the zone of proximal development, wherein a child always behave below his average age, below
his daily behavior. It is used as a diagnostic tool to help make or confirm a diagnosis
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
* behave beyond his average age, above his daily behavior
37
Determine the key characteristics of play described.
1. Doing activity related to the children around him
but does not really interact with other children
2. Making lots of movements with their arms, legs, hand feet
A. Unoccupied play
B. Independent/solitary play
C. Onlooker/spectator play
D. Parallel play
E. Associative play
F. Cooperative play
1. E
2. A
38
Choose the adjectives that describes how play should be.
A. Active
B. Meaningful
C. Symbolic
D. Involuntary
E. Pleasurable
F. Goal oriented
G. Extrinsically motivated
H. Safe
I. Self directed
A, B, C, E, I
39
Determine the key characteristics of play described.
1. Child plays with others and has interest in
activity and other children involved in playing
2. There is a mutual understanding that game has
rules
A. Unoccupied play
B. Independent/solitary play
C. Onlooker/spectator play
D. Parallel play
E. Associative play
F. Cooperative play
1. F
2. F
40
Determine the key characteristics of play described.
1. Child prefers to play alone
2. Begin to play alongside or near others but does
not play with them
A. Unoccupied play
B. Independent/solitary play
C. Onlooker/spectator play
D. Parallel play
E. Associative play
F. Cooperative play
1. B
2. D
41
Determine the key characteristics of play described.
1. Kids are all playing in the same playground equipment and doing different things
2. Discovering how their body moves
A. Unoccupied play
B. Independent/solitary play
C. Onlooker/spectator play
D. Parallel play
E. Associative play
F. Cooperative play
1. E
2. A
42
Determine the key characteristics of play described.
1. Sit still or remain quiet while enjoying
2. Begins as the child watches other children playing but does not play with them
A. Unoccupied play
B. Independent/solitary play
C. Onlooker/spectator play
D. Parallel play
E. Associative play
F. Cooperative play
1. B
2. C
43
Determine the key characteristics of play described.
1. Unorganized type of play
2. Playing with people
A. Unoccupied play
B. Independent/solitary play
C. Onlooker/spectator play
D. Parallel play
E. Associative play
F. Cooperative play
1. E
2. F
44
Fill in the blanks: BENEFITS OF PLAY
● Become more ______ for behaviors and develop more successful strategies.
● Develop new and creative _____ to problems.
● Develop _____ and _____ of self and others.
● Learn to experience and express ____.
● Develop____ and thus a better assuredness about their abilities.
1. responsible
2. solutions
3. respect and acceptance
4. emotion
5. self-efficacy
45
Match the following relationships of the practitioner and a child’s play to the kind of activity.
1. Playful, play-based, self chosen and voluntary
2. Extrinsically motivated, self chosen, voluntary
3. Playful or play based
4. Taught and practiced
A. Therapist Initiated and Directed
B. Therapist Initiated or Child-responsive
C. Child-initiated or therapist-scaffolded and guided
D. Child-initiated, child-led, child directed
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
46
Match the following relationships of the practitioner and a child’s play to the kind of play.
1. Work or non-play
2. Free play
3. Guided play
4. Directed play
A. Therapist Initiated and Directed
B. Therapist Initiated or Child-responsive
C. Child-initiated or therapist-scaffolded and guided
D. Child-initiated, child-led, child directed
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. B
47
TRUE OR FALSE: When having pt management with a child & a caregiver, make sure the kid is facing you. You should be doing the activity and make some strategies that will make the attention of the client focused on you.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
B. Both statements are false
make sure parent will do a certain activity that simulates your examination so the kid will participate and not be distracted
48
Quality of being light-hearted or full of fun seen in gestures, words and actions; it is being enthusiastic
Playfulness
49
internal control of yourself, ability to suspend in reality because you are pretending or portraying something
Intrinsic motivation
50
ability of the pair to get used to others about how others should act towards him or her during the play
Framing
51
Any opportunities wherein it offers a child for play,
learning, and creative expression
Play Activities
52
TRUE OR FALSE: Social play increases with fewer toys. Toys promotes social interaction, physical activity
and cognitive development
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
A. Both statements are true
53
TRUE OR FALSE: All behaviors can be learned and unlearned. It all depends on the child who will facilitate the modification of their own behavior.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
2nd: this is facilitated by the therapist or parent
54
TRUE OR FALSE: 5-30 minutes optimizes physical activity. Longer play periods offer opportunity for increased complexity.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
B. Both statements are false
Statement 2 becomes true when time in statement one is 10-15 minutes only
55
The following are reasons why play is useful for a child, EXCEPT:
A. Physical and learning disabilities
B. Depression
C. Anxiety
D. Schizophrenia
E. Grief and loss
D. Schizophrenia
56
The following are reasons why play is useful for a child, EXCEPT:
A. Struggling with anger management
B. Modification of behavioral disorders
C. Autism or pervasive developmental, academic, and social developmental
D. Attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD)
E. None
E. None
57
Children with cognitive impairment often show:
● Delayed or uneven (1)_____
● Difficulty in structuring their own (2)_____
● Lack of (3)_____
1. skills
2. behavior
3. sustained attention
58
Enumerate the 6 abilities to facilitate play in a child.
● Apply theories of play
● Analyze the activities
● Let go and let the child lead
● Empathize
● Demonstrate spontaneity
● Display creativity
59
TRUE OR FALSE: Play is a medium allowing children to engage and explore their
environment, supporting skill development and peer interactions. It is a serious rendition of reality that allows the stacking of a skill in a passive way.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
C. Only the 1st statement is true
60
TRUE OR FALSE: Play is universal. However, it is generally used with children aged 3 through 12.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A. Both statements are true
61
Social interaction between children at play activities and the changing nature in children’s play are very common at the age of ____
2-5
62
TRUE OR FALSE: Play is the main opportunity for children to take risks without fear of failure. Play is done to do something we have never done before or trying to doing something
we find difficult
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A. Both statements are true
63
This is a concept on how play should be, wherein the child explores how to play the game. There is usually an existing rule in play wherein children establish as they shape the whole play
Self directed
64
This is an approach where a therapist chooses a game to play with the child with a purpose of managing a difficulty experienced by the pt.
Directive approach
65
This is an approach where a therapist allows the child to control their activity by telling her own stories and choosing the type of art she wants
Non-Directive Approach
66
Most common form of abuse seen in pediatric clinics: failure to provide basic physical and emotional educational need
Neglect
67
Enumerate the 3 effects that may occur when a child does not or has difficulty engaging in play.
1. delayed development
2. affects posture, muscle and bone
structure
3. attention issues and sensory problems
68
Originates intrinsically; desire to engage in a certain
play or becoming interested
Playfulness
69
This is tailored for play or a certain activity, by developing and eliciting playfulness in the child and getting them engaged and participative
Physical Environment
70
Present once all elements (playfulness, environment play, & activities) are complete
Play Participation
71
TRUE OR FALSE: Play sessions must have no complementation of adjacent
spaces
True
A therapist must ensure that there are no other competitions (e.g. other therapy sessions
ongoing or distracting objects)
72
This is used to check attention span, because kids usually have a short attention span
Length of play period
73
What technique may be done to modulate hyperactivity in a child?
giving a play activity with light body resistance
NOTE: this ensures that the more a child plays, the more resistance is given, thus causing the child to feel fatigue
74
This is expressed through your voice that
you are playful, approachable, not scary
Appearing interested
75
TRUE OR FALSE: The more relaxed you are, the more that the pt will open up to you
True
76
NON-VERBAL SKILLS
When trying to communicate with the parents or child, a PT must promote an (1)____ and lean (2)_____
1. open stance
2. forward
77
This is a verbal skill that measures the rate of responses as a PT interacts with the child
Delivery of responses
78
This is a verbal skill that consist of verbally responding to the behavior of the child simply by stating what is seen or observed.
Tracking behavior
79
This is a verbal skill that mimics what is the content of
what the child is saying
Reflecting Content
80
This is a verbal skill that paraphrases the verbal interaction of the children. It tracks the behavior and sometimes as well as the emotion
Reflecting Content
81
The manner of adults talking to babies and
children in an exaggerated and repetitive way
Parentese or Motherese
82
It is the verbal response to emotions expressed by
children. It is when a PT empathizes with what the child is feeling at the moment
Reflecting Feeling
83
TRUE OR FALSE: Reflecting content is the most basic skills in play as part of intervention. It is commonly used in children ages 7y/o
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
A. Both statements are true
84
Responses that facilitate decision-making or return
responsibility help children to experience themselves
as able and empowered
Facilitating decision-making/returning responsibility
85
Observable & tangible behaviors are (1)_____ in response to some (2)_____
1. LEARNED
2. ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION
86
It is an expressive act with different forms and meanings; it varies depending on the situation; it has a purpose
Behavior
87
Enumerate the purpose/ function of behavior
1. obtain (attention or items)
2. avoid (tasks, situations, objects)
3. escape (task, situations)
88
Enumerate the 4 patterns of behavior
1. Ordinary behavior
2. Behavior in Response to Extraordinary Circumstances
3. Trouble Behavior
4. Response to Home Environment
89
Leads to manipulative & maladaptive behavior. most challenging type of behavior.
A. Ordinary behavior
B. Behavior in Response to Extraordinary Circumstances
C. Trouble Behavior
D. Response to Home Environment
C. Trouble Behavior
90
1. Non-compliance
2. Direct refusal to engage
3. Verbal
4. Withdrawal
A. Active Behavior
B. Passive Behavior
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
91
1. Non-verbal
2. Avoidance of a certain task
3. Inattention or lack of response
4. Aggression toward people or self-injurious behavior
5. Opposition
A. Active Behavior
B. Passive Behavior
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. A
92
Disruptive behaviors are:
1. Difficulty to _____
2. Intensity and rate of behavior would _____
3. Not perceived by parents and staff
4. Extremely distressing to see your child upset
5. Takes more _____
1. change
2. increase
3. patience
93
Parents may aggravated disruptive behaviors by the following mistakes, EXCEPT:
A. Unskilled management
B. Insensitive to learner/child differences
C. Ignores appropriate behavior
D. Reinforces appropriate behavior
E. Focuses on negative traits
F. Puts a great deal of pressure
D. Reinforces appropriate behavior
94
Choose the following letters that are internal factors that may influence behavior.
A. Desire for control
B. Hyperactivity
C. Poor sensory processing
D. Pain
E. Sleepiness
A, C, D
95
Choose the following letters that are internal factors that may influence behavior.
A. Poor self-regulation
B. Ineffective communication
C. Illness
D. Fatigue
E. Poor emotional regulation
all
96
FILL IN THE BLANKS: External Factors that may influence behavior.
○ Task demands _____ than skill level
○ Change in ____
○ Unfamiliar _____
○ Unfamiliar _____
1. greater
2. schedule
3. person
4. place
97
Behavior is affected by which 2 behavioral theory?
1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning
98
1. Ivan Pavlov
2. B.F. Skinner
3. Changes in behavior took place because of the
experiences
4. Behavior occurs because of certain
reinforcements.
A. Classical Conditioning
B. Operant Conditioning
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. B
99
The _____ shows that people see the behavior of a person superficially without understanding that there is a reason for their behavior.
Anger Iceberg
100
TRUE OR FALSE: Maintaining a consistent context in relation to schedule, environment, people, and demeanor helps to allay a child’s anxiety; the PT should work to increase the unknown and decrease the known.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
101
TRUE OR FALSE: The therapist must be calm at all times as the children can detect if you are not calm. They will get anxious.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correctu
A. Both statements are true
102
TRUE OR FALSE: Adults should consistently reward and reinforce appropriate behaviors. Using “do” statements and positive language to know what is desired
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is correct
D. Only the 2nd statement is correct
A. Both statements are true
103
Three primary approaches to managing challenging behavior are?
(1) Preventing challenging behavior from occurring
(2) Supporting desired behaviors and
(3) Intervening when challenging behavior already exists.
104
This is a technique used to decrease or increase a particular type of behavior or action. It is used to help them unlearn inappropriate
behavior of the child.
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION TECHNIQUE
105
TRUE OR FALSE: Behaviors can be learned and unlearned. Reinforcement are given to
maintain full engagement of a child during PT sessions
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A. Both statements are true
106
Presentation of a reinforcer immediately following a behavior that causes the behavior to be more likely to occur.
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
107
Occurs when the removal of stimulus immediately after a response causes the response to be strengthened.
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
108
Enumerate the techniques used in behavior modification.
○ Positive Reinforcement
○ Negative Reinforcement
○ Punishment
○ Flooding
○ Systematic Desensitization
○ Aversion Therapy
○ Extinction
109
1. ultimate form of behavioral intervention
2. used to treat phobias
3. Pairing of unpleasant stimulus to unwanted behavior in order to eliminate a certain behavior
A. Positive Reinforcement
B. Negative Reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Flooding
E. Systematic Desensitization
F. Aversion Therapy
G. Extinction
1. C
2. E
3. F
110
1. should not be used regularly
2. process of reducing the frequency of a behavior by withholding the reinforcement
3. presentation of an aversive stimulus depends upon a response that reduces the response rate.
A. Positive Reinforcement
B. Negative Reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Flooding
E. Systematic Desensitization
F. Aversion Therapy
G. Extinction
1. A
2. G
3. C
111
1. introduce unpleasant stimulus for the child to unlearn bad behaviors such as shouting
2. typically occurring in children with an object of desire from a certain location and then was
restricted
A. Positive Reinforcement
B. Negative Reinforcement
C. Punishment
D. Flooding
E. Systematic Desensitization
F. Aversion Therapy
G. Extinction
1. D
2. G
112
Enumerate the grades of punishments from least to most severe.
1. Time out
2. Verbal reprimands
3. Face the wall
113
TRUE OR FALSE: Corporal punishments may be given if a child does not follow instructions even after telling him to face the wall. If you want a behavior to develop, either introduce
positive reinforcement or take something away.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
114
This is a scientifically proven intervention in the improvement of socially significant behaviors and the reduction or elimination of behavior problems
APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS (ABA)
115
TRUE OR FALSE: Applied Behavior Analysis is used to identify the learning style of a child. It may be used to promote learning of a certain behavior and conduct of analysis of a situation to correct a behavior.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. Only the 1st statement is true
D. Only the 2nd statement is true
A. Both statements are true
116
stimuli or event that is present prior
to the appearance of that particular behavior
Antecedents
117
TRUE OR FALSE: If problem behavior exist, this must be the primary focus of the PT intervention.
True
