L3: STRUCURALISM

Question 1

What is Structuralism?

Answer 1

The idea that we build up our perceptual experience an structure it from small pieces

Question 2

What did Wundt wonder?

Answer 2

Is there a scientific understanding of how some emotions feel like?

Question 3

Goal 1 of Wundt

Answer 3

distill experience into elements

Question 4

Goal 2 of Wundt

Answer 4

determine how elements are connected

Question 5

Goal 3 of Wundt

Answer 5

determine laws of connection

Question 6

To recognize an object (or something), the elements of experience is ______

Answer 6

sensations

Question 7

Introspection

Answer 7

to get deeper and more analytical about explaining something

Question 7

Introspection

Answer 7

to get deeper and more analytical about explaining something

Question 8

stimulus error

Answer 8

not being analytical enough, only giving simple answers rather than being detailed

Question 9

How many trials of error before coming up with the __,000 elements of sensation?

Answer 9

10,000, 44

Question 10

Principle of Creative Synthesis

Answer 10

process used to combine elements so we can perceive things; elements combined to form percepts

Question 11

Laws of association:

Answer 11

when things are seen in the same space or same time, our brain combines them both

Question 12

temporal proximity

Answer 12

those experiences at the same or around the same time; the brain can combine them and associate thins as one thing

Question 13

spatial proximity

Answer 13

when we see an object, we see all of its components as the same space.

Question 14

Wundts conclusion

Answer 14

sensory elements + association= experience

Question 15

The 3 criticisms of structuralism

Answer 15

a. low reliability
b. low validity
c. pause in process
d. little generalizability

Question 16

Low validity is what?

Answer 16

too conscious

Question 17

Wertheimer

Answer 17

He said that all of our experience are small pieces of sensation rather than associated together to give the perception of something

Question 18

Ehrenfels

Answer 18

He says that perceptual experience of a melody doesn’t have to be made up of specific sensory elements

Question 19

Wertheimer Insight

Answer 19

A shadow is created by something not moving , perceiving motion

Question 20

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 20

movement precepted based on images shown one after the other, it is not real movement but simulated based on perception.

Question 21

apparent motion

Answer 21

static frame shown after another with correct timing- perceiving motion that isn’t there

Question 22

eye movement

Answer 22

There is motion in the stimulus, this is one of the elements that goes into the perceiving motion in the stimulus

Question 23

elementary percept

Answer 23

created without elements of motion being presents, elements can be switched around

Question 24

Gestalt approach quote

Answer 24

the whole is different from the sum of the parts

Question 25

perceptual object

Answer 25

objects are primary and immediate, pieces are interchangeable

Question 26

Primary data

Answer 26

the pieces going to perceptual experience are not the elements but actually structured forms

Question 27

organization occurs _____

Answer 27

spontaneously

Question 28

experience is __ __ _____-

Answer 28

not an element

Question 29

Laws of Organization

Answer 29

sensation is the starting point but not important

Question 30

innate law of organization

Answer 30

this is the most important part of perception because it gives rise to perceptual experience

Question 31

Law of Pragnanz

Answer 31

The 4 laws are based on the process trying to organize the elements in the most efficient, simple and stable way. movement towards stability is the goal

Question 32

Field Theory

Answer 32

all states reaching stable configuration or equilibrium. all _____ wants to reach a simple and efficient configuration

Question 33

isomorphism principle

Answer 33

the simplicity the brain states move toward, this will bring our perceptual experience toward simplicity.