L4- Diet and Body weight

Question 1

RNI

Answer 1

reference nutrient intake (protein, vitamins and minerals)

Question 2

EAR

Answer 2

estimated average requirement (used for energy intake)

Question 3

LRNI

Answer 3

lower reference nutrition intake

Question 4

intake below LRNI

Answer 4

is insufficient for most people

Question 5

DRVs depend on

Answer 5

age, gender and level of physical activity

Question 6

How are nutritional requirements estimated

Answer 6

Scientific evidence reviewed and frequency of distribution for a particular group used to determine values.

• EAR: Requirement for ~50% of group (50% will require more).
• RNI: Enough to ensure needs of 97.5% are being met. Many within the group will need less.
• LRNI: Enough for only the small number of people who have low requirements (2.5%). The majority need more.

Question 7

daily energy expenditure

Answer 7

basal metabolic rate (BMR) + Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) + physical activity level (PAL)

Question 8

daily energy expenditure of 70 kg man and 58 kg women

Answer 8

1200 kj/day

9,500 kj/day

Question 9

what does the basal metabolic rate do

Answer 9

Maintains resting activities of the body

e. g. function of all organs
e. g. ion transport and biochemical reaction

Question 10

where does the majority of basal metabolic rate energy go to

Answer 10

skeletal muscle (30% BMR)

Question 11

factors affecting BMR

Answer 11

• body size
• gender
• temp
• endocrine stus
• body temp

Question 12

voluntary physical exercise (VPE)

Answer 12

energy required depends on intensity and duration of activity. reflects demands of:

• skeletal msucle
• heart muscle
• resp muscles

Question 13

VPE for sedentary person

Answer 13

30 kJ/Kg/day

Question 14

VPE for every active person

Answer 14

100 kJ/Kg/day

Question 15

where does most energy in British diet come from

Answer 15

most energy derived from CHOs

Question 16

energy content in food compeoennts

Answer 16

highest:
- fat
- alcohol
- protein
-CHO
Lowest

Question 17

when energy intake = expenditure

Answer 17

stable body weight

Question 18

energy intake < expenditure

Answer 18

lose weight when energy stores depletes

Question 19

energy intake > expenditure

Answer 19

energy stores (fat_ will increase

Question 20

obesity is defined as

Answer 20

fat accumulation in adipose tissue which impairs health

Question 21

obesity is BMI above what

Answer 21

30

Question 22

obesity occurs when

Answer 22

energy intake exceeds energy expenditure over a period of years

Question 23

obesity is associated within increased risk of

Answer 23

cancer
CVD
T2D

Question 24

BMI=

Answer 24

weight (kg)/ heigh ^2(m)

Question 25

height measured

Answer 25

without shoes

Question 26

weight measured with

Answer 26

minimal clothing

Question 27

BMI shows good

Answer 27

correlation with body fat measurments

Question 28

BMI is weak in predicting

Answer 28

body fat measurements in muscular individuals

Question 29

alternative to BMI

Answer 29

waist/ hip ratio

Question 30

greater proportion of fat in upper body e.g. abdomen associated with increased risk of

Answer 30

• insulin resistance
• T2D
• High NP
• hyperlipideamia
• stroke
• premature death