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PSB 3340 Exam 1 > L4: Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

L4: Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the planes of the CNS:

Horizontal-

Sagittal-

Coronal-

A
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2
Q

Terms for:

Head end-

Tail end-

“Toward/at the back”-

“Toward the belly”-

A

Terms for:

Head end- Rostral (anterior)

Tail end- Caudal (posterior)

“Toward/at the back”- Dorsal

“Toward the belly”- Ventral

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3
Q

2 Parts of the Nervous System and components of each?

A
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
    • Brain, Spinal Cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
    • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
    • Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
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4
Q

3 Major Parts of the brain

A
  1. Forebrain
  2. Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
  3. Hindbrain
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5
Q

Telencephalon & Diencephalon are components of what major part of the brain?

A

Forebrain

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6
Q

Tectum and tegmentum are components of what major part of the brain?

A

Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

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7
Q

Metencephalon & myencephalon are components of what major part of the brain?

A

Hindbrain

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8
Q

Cortex, basal ganglia, & limbic system are part of what component and what major part of the brain?

A

Telencephalon; Forebrain

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9
Q

Thalamus and hypothalamus are part of what component and what major part of the brain?

A

Diencephalon; Forebrain

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10
Q

Cerebellum & pons are part of what component and what major part of the brain?

A

Metencephalon; Hindbrain

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11
Q

What is another name for the myencephalon and what major part of the brain does it fall under?

A

Medulla; hindbrain

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12
Q

What are the 2 components of the ANS/Ganglia and what nervous system does it fall under?

A

Sympathetic&Parasympathetic NS; Peripheral NS

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13
Q

part of the brain that contains Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) to cushion and protect the brain

A

Ventricles

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14
Q

How many ventricles does the Cerebral Ventricle contain and what part makes CSF?

A

4, Choroid Plexus

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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q
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19
Q

bundles of axons leaving cell bodies as a pathway from 1 brain region to another

A

cortical projections

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20
Q

Cortical Projections:

  • Several long tracts run in what direction?
  • Short tracts arch bw nearby areas of the _______
  • Long projection fibers run to and from the _________ _______; some go through ______ _______ connecting 2 hemis
A

Cortical Projections:

  • Several long tracts run in what direction anterior-posterior direction
  • Short tracts arch bw nearby areas of the cortex
  • Long projection fibers run to and from the cerebral cortex; some go through corpus callosum connecting 2 hemis
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21
Q

3 components of the Association Cortex

A
  1. Sensory association cortex
  2. Motor association cortex
  3. Prefrontal cortex
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22
Q

divisions of the cerebral cortex that compose 4 lobes

A

Frontal/Parietal/Occipital/Temporal Lobe

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23
Q

term used when some functions are located primarily in one hemisphere

Left Hemi?

Right hemi?

Bridge bw both?

A

Lateralization

Left Hemi: analysis of information

Right Hemi: synthesis

Corpus Callosum

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24
Q

Components of the Forebrain

  1. Division 1
    1. Component 1
    2. Component 2
      1. x
      2. x
  2. Division 2
A

Components of the Forebrain

  1. Telencephalon
    1. Cerebral Cortex
    2. Subcortical Areas
      1. Limbic System
      2. Basal Ganglia
  2. Diencephalon
25
Q

A group of interconnected structures consisting of the hippocampus, fornix, mammilary bodies; amygdala; nucelus accumbens; cingulate gyrus/Cingulate cortex; thalamus

A

Limbic System

26
Q

What does the Limbic System process?

A

Motivation & emotion; Learning & memory

27
Q

collections of nuclei found deep inside the forebrain that include the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, & putamen

A

Basal Ganglia

28
Q

What does the Basal Ganglia process and what is an example of a disorder to that system?

A

Control of movement; Parkinson’s Disease

29
Q

What is located bw the telencephalon and mesencephalon and surrounds the third ventricle?

A

Diencephalon

30
Q

2 most important structures of the Diecephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus

31
Q

2 lobes located near the middle of the Cerebral Hemispheres that act as the “relay center” for info entering the cortex & project axons into the cortex

A

Thalamus

32
Q

The Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGN), & Ventrolateral Nucleus (VLN) are different nuclei in what component of the brain?

A

Thalamus

33
Q

Communicates with the pituitary to direct the production/release of many hormones

A

Hypothalamus

34
Q

Below the hypothalamus is the pituitary:

Anterior pituitary aka-

Posterior pituitary aka-

A

Below the hypothalamus is the pituitary:

Anterior pituitary aka- Adenohypophysis

Posterior pituitary aka- Neurohypophysis

35
Q

the midbrain is aka the __________ which surrounds the cerebral aqueduct

A

mesencephalon

36
Q

2 main parts of the mesencephalon (midbrain)

A

tectum & tegmentum

37
Q

What is the dorsal part of the midbrain, that is also known as the “roof”?

The 2 main structures of the tectum?

A

Superior colliculi; Inferior colliculi

38
Q

What is the area of the midbrain beneath the tectum that is aka the “covering”?

A

Tegmentum

39
Q

What area of the midbrain includes the reticular formation, periaqueductal gray & substantia nigra?

A

Tegmentum

40
Q

What major part of the brain surrounds the 4th ventricle and what 2 divisions compose it?

A

Hindbrain; Metencephalon & Myencephalon

41
Q

Part of the hindbrian that contains the cerebellum & pons

A

Metencephalon

42
Q

What part of the metencephalon is aka the “little brain” that contains its own cortex and is in responsible for cognition, language and movement

A

cerebellum

43
Q

What part of the Metencephalon is known as the “bridge” which carries axons bw 2 hemis

A

Pons

44
Q

What is part of the Myencephalon that controls neurons for basic life functions; also responsible for drug overdoses

A

Medulla Oblongata

45
Q

term used to denote anatomical direction that is horizontally away from the body

& horizontally toward the body

A

lateral

medial

46
Q

What component of the CNS carries “motor” info in forms of APs from the brain to the muscles and somatosensory system info to the brain “sensory”?

Can it be autonomous? Why/why not?

A

Spinal Cord

Yes! It does not need the brain, can act on its own

47
Q

the fingers/toes/hands/feet are part of what system that carries info to the Spinal Cord?

A

Somatosensory

48
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

  1. Component 1
  2. Component 2
    1. x
    2. x
A

Peripheral Nervous System

  1. Somatic (skeletal) nerves
  2. Autonomic Ganglia & nerves
    1. Sympathetic NS
    2. Parasympathetic NS
49
Q

Somatic Division of the PNS

  • _______ nerves that leave the ______ cord to innervate our skeletal muscles (in/voluntary movement)
  • _______ nerves that leave the brain to control facial/sensory movements
A

Somatic Division of the PNS

  • Spinal nerves that leave the spinal cord to innervate our skeletal muscles (voluntary movement)
  • Cranial nerves that leave the brain to control facial/sensory movements
50
Q

Protects the Spinal Cord?

5 regions?

Cord passes through ______ ______ in each vertebrae.

A

Vertebral (Spinal) Column

  1. Cervical (neck)
  2. Thoracic (chest)
  3. Lumbar (lower back)
  4. Sacral & Coccygeal (pelvic region)

Cord passes through spinal foramens in each vertebrae.

51
Q

Spinal Cord

  • ___ paired sets of ______ & ______ roots
  • Roots join together & become spinal ______
  • Contain _____ & _____ matter
A

Spinal Cord

  • 31 paired sets of dorsal & ventral roots
  • Roots join together & become spinal nerves
  • Contain white & gray matter
52
Q

begins at the junction of dorsal & ventral roots of the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

53
Q

2 types of axons the spinal nerves are composed of and describe

A
  • Afferent Axons: sensory info –> Dorsal root ganglia –> CNS
  • Efferent Axons: CNS –> spinal cord –> movement (motor)
54
Q

Cranial Nerves:

  • __ pairs of cranial nerves
  • Leave the ______ surface of the brain
  • Serve ______ & _____ functions of the brain
A

Cranial Nerves:

  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves
  • Leave the ventral surface of the brain
  • Serve sensory & motor functions of the brain
55
Q
A
56
Q

KNOW PROJECTIONS!

A
57
Q

KNOW PROJECTIONS

A

Mesostriatal AKA Nigrastriatal Pathway

58
Q

KNOW PROJECTIONS

A
59
Q

KNOW PROJECTIONS

A

PSB 3340 Exam 1 (5 decks)

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