L4 - overview and start pulmonary Flashcards
what do we regulate to stay alive?
cellualr homeastatis, which reguires regulation of blood: pressure, volume, content (PaCO2, PaO2 and glucose) and temperature. EXERCISE THREATENS ALL.
hyperpnoea
increased ventilation (exercise).
hyperventilation
over breathing indicated by decrease in co2 in blood.
What are the similarities and differences between ventilatory and cardiovascular systems?
Ventilatory response may not be linear.
Cardiovascular response tends to be linear.
Ventilation has an upward threshold during exercise.
Cardiovascular response varies linearly with exercise intensity.
How does ventilation sensitivity differ from cardiovascular response during exercise?
Ventilation is highly sensitive to exercise, causing more significant differences.
Cardiovascular response exhibits less sensitivity compared to ventilation.
What are the implications of exercise on lung costs?
Lungs are more demanding for unfit individuals during exercise.
The cost of ventilation increases with exercise intensity.
How does cardiac output vary based on sex and fitness levels?
Males typically require higher cardiac output due to their larger body mass.
Even trained females may find it challenging to achieve the same cardiac output as males.
What is the primary function of the pulmonary system?
The primary role is to oxygenate blood and eliminate CO2 from cellular respiration.
This process is mediated by the ventilation of alveoli.
What are the additional roles of the pulmonary system? (6)
Maintaining Acid:Base Balance.
Serving as a blood reservoir due to vessel recruitment and distension.
Heat dissipation (minor).
Filtration to remove thrombi (blood clots).
Activation, synthesis, or catabolism of many chemicals in the blood.
Aiding in the stabilisation of trunk/thorax during resistance exercise.
What are the components of the airways and branching in the pulmonary system?
Alveoli consist of surfactant, an epithelial layer (10% width RBC), and a huge blood supply.
Describe the respiratory cycle.
Inspiration is an active process involving the diaphragm and external intercostals.
Expiration is passive at rest and active during exercise, involving the abdominal muscles and internal intercostals.
During exercise, approximately 6 times more air is moved in approximately 1/6th of the time.
The duty cycle is 1/3 at rest and increases to 1/2 during exercise.
How does the work of breathing change during exercise?
How does the work of breathing change during exercise?
ventilation in athletes vs non trained.
athletes can sustain higher Ve for longer.
