L42 Forebrain and Limbic Flashcards by Jason Tepper

Thalamic nuclei divisions

Anterior: Anterior nucleus
Medial: dorsomedial
Lateral: Dorsal and ventral tier (another card)
Intralainar
Reticular nucleus
Midline nucleus

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Lateral division of thalamic nuclei

Dorsal Tier:
lateral dorsal
lateral posterior
pulvinar
Ventral tier
ventral anterior
ventral lateral
ventral posterior lateral
ventral posterior medial
medial geniculate
lateral geniculate

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All thalamic nuclei except reticular consist of

Projection neruons

Interneurons (inhibitory)

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Categories of thalamic nuclei

Relay nuclei
Association nuclei
Intralaminar and midline nuclei

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Relay nuclei
Receive
Project

Receive well define input from subcortical source (ie medial lemniscus)
Project to well defined area of cortex (ie somatosensory)

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Association nuclei
Receive
Project

Receive specific inputs from association cortex (ie prefrontal)
Project back

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Intralaminar and midline nuclei
Receive
Project

Receive specific inputs basal ganglia, limbic structures

Project to cortex, basal ganglia, limbic struc.

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Reticular nucleus
Receive
Projections

Input from cortex and thalamus
Output: inhibitory axons to thalamus
NO Projections to cortex

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Sensory relay nuclei

VPL

VPM

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Motor relay nuclei

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Limbi relay nuclei

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DM
Input
Output

Input: prefrontal cortex, olfactory, limbic struct.
Output: prefrontal cotex

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Pulvinar-LP complex
input
output

Parietal-occipital-temporal

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Lenticular nucleus is composed of

putamen

globus pallidus

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Internal capsule collects and forms ______ down which ____ ____ and _____ descend

Cerebral peduncle
Corticopontine
Corticobulbar
Corticospinal

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Internal Capsule parts

Anterior Limb: lenticular nucleus, caudate
Posterior Limb: lenticular nucleus, thalamus
Genu: between A and P limbs
Retrolenticular
Sublenticular

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Hypothalamus borders

Superior: hypothalamic sulcus
Anterior: midbrain tegmentum
Medial: 3rd ventricle
Lateral: internal capsule
Inferior: optic chiasm, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies

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Medial-Lateral organization of Hypothalamus

Lateral: rostral reticular formation
Periventricular: rostral periaqueductal gray
Medial: nuclei

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Hypothalamus functions

autonomic
endocrine
emotional, somatic
homeostasis

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Hypothalamus main connections

limbic system
pituitary
visceral/somatic nuclei

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Hypothalamic control of pituitary

Superior hypophyseal branch of internal carotid supply capillary bed in infundibulum, drain into anterior pituitary
Inferior hyphophyseal branch supplies posterior lobe

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Anterior, Posterior lobe names

adenohypophysis

neurohypophysis

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Capillaries drain into ______, delivering anterior and posterior hormones into circulation

Cavernous sinus

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Pituitary secretions are controlled by these neuroendocrine cells

Parvocellular

Magnocellular

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Parvocellular ends in

median eminence

Magnocellular ends in

posterior lobe

Parvocellular neurons give rise to ______ to _______

Parvocellular neurons give rise to tuberoinfundibular tract to infundivular capillary bed

ADH and Oxytocin are released by these nuclei

paraventricular supraoptic (Both in the neurohypophysis)

Oxytocin release from Infant suckling is thru reflex in the ______ tract

Spinoreticular tract

Parvocellular neurons carry all adenhypophis hormones except

Prolactin IH

Loss of ADH causes

diabetes insipidus

Anterior hypothalamus produces symp/para

parasympathetic effects

Posterior hypothalamus produces symp/para

Sympathetic effects

autonomic axons from hypothalamus project down in

dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

Apestate is created by

interplay of lateral and ventromedial nuclei

Anorexics vs bulimics

Anorexics have high serotonin | Bulimics have low serotonin

Lateral nucleus vs Ventromedial | Feeding

Lateral: stimulate: eat, lesion: refuse Ventromedial: stim: refuse, bilateral lesion: eat

Male fight of flight Hormones Location Brain activation

Corticotropin RH from paraventricular ACTH from pituitary Cortisol from adrenal Lateral prefrontal cortex activation

Female fight or flight Hormones Location Brain activation

Oxytocin from neurophyophysis and estrogen counteract stress | Cingulate gyrus activation

Hypothalamic sleep wake | nucleus

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Lesions in posterior hypothalamus cause

excessive sleep or coma

Nucleus containing histaminergic neurons

Tuberomammillary nucleus

Forebrain/limbic system input to hypothalamus

info for mediating autonomic/somatic aspects of emotional states

Brainstem/spinal cord input to hypothalamus

visceral and sensory information

limbic system consists mostly of

cingulate | parahippocampal gyri

Amygdala function in limbic system

emotional responses

Hippocampus function in limbic system

learning and memory

Three parts of hippocampus

dentate gyrus hippocampus proper subiculum

Input from septal nuclei

affects chances that information in hippocampus will be retained

Main source to hippocampus

Entorhinal cortex

Subiculum is the transition between

hippocampus proper and parahippocampal cortex

Hippocampus Overview | 8 steps

``` Afferent fibers from sensory cortex Entorhinal cortex to dentate gyrus (perforant) Dentate neuron to CA3 CA3 neuron to fimbria and CA1 CA1 to Subiculum Subiculum to fimbria (Alvear) Subicular entorhinal Entorhinal to sensory ```

Largest efferent connection

Entorhinal to sensory

Draw out papez circuit

Drawing

Types of long memory

Explicit: facts or events, episodic Semantic: spoken words, knowledge of facts Implicit: performing learned function

Henry Molaison

Bilateral hippocampi removal No episodic memories No semantic memories Working memory intact

Encode novel material involving language

Left anterior hippocampus | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Engage in spatial tasks like driving a car

Right hippocampus | Inferior parietal lobe

Repeatingnovel material

Left anterior is active when novel | Posterior activity with repitition

amygdala nuclear groups

Medial: olfaction Central-hypothal, PAG: emotional response Basolateral-cortex; central nuclei: emotional

All sensory association areas have direct input to the

lateral nucleus

Amygdala afferents

general sense of emotional and physical discomfort from orbital cortex and cingulate

Amygdala fiber pathways

Stria terminalis | Ventral amygdalofugal

Stria terminalis pathway

hypothalmus to septal nuclei

Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

thalamus, hypothalamus, orbital, anterior cingulate cortex

Fibers leave amygdala thru

stria terminalis and VAT

Kluver Bucy Syndrome

``` BIlateral temporal lobe injury involving amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus Fearless, no emotion Males: hypersexual, fuck everything Eat everything Pick up everything ```

Nucleus accumbens/ventral striatum | Stimulation

Causes sense of well-being

L42 Forebrain and Limbic Flashcards

(68 cards)