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SP16 Anatomy Exam 3 > L46 Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

L46 Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Paleocortex
Layers
Part of brain
function

A

3 layers
Uncus
Olfaction

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2
Q

Archicortex
Layers
part of brain

A

3 layers

most of hippocampus

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3
Q

Apical dendrites
How many per cell
How do they extend

A

one per cell

extend to top layer of cortex

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4
Q

Basal dendrites
How many per cell
How to they extend

A

Several per cell

Extend horizontally in respective layer

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5
Q

Most prevalent type of neuron

A

pyramidal cell

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6
Q

Preferential site of excitatory synapses

A

Dendritic spines

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7
Q

Poor spine development is associated with

A

intellecutal disability: autism, etc

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8
Q

Axons of nonpyramidal cells
Length
Extent

A

Short axons that remain in cortex

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9
Q

Most non pyramidal cells make ____ synapses

A

Inhibitory(GABA) synapses

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10
Q

Non pyramidal cell role in cortex

A

principal interneurons

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11
Q

Spiny stellate cells
Excitatory or inhibitory
Communicate with ____ cellls

A

Excitatory

Glutaminergic synapses with pyramidal cells

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12
Q

Spiny stellate cells receive most afferent input from

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Smooth stellate cells
Excitatory or inhibitory
Communication with pyramidal cells

A

Inhibitory
Receive recurrent collateral branches from pyramidal cells
Silence weakly active cell columns in cortex

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14
Q

Bipolar cells
Location
Contain

A

Outer layers

Contain peptides co-released with GABA

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15
Q

Cortex organization

A 
Molecular
Outer granular
Outer pyramidal
Inner granular
Inner pyramidal
Fusiform
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16
Q

Afferents to cortex

A 
Association fibers
Commissural fibers
Thalamocortical fibers
Non-specific thalamocortical fibers
Cholinergic, aminergic
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17
Q

Afferent Association fibers
Cells
Location and Laterality

A

small and medium pyramidal cells

Ipsilateral cortex

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18
Q

Afferent Commissural fibers
Cells
Location and laterality

A

Medium pyramidal cells

Via corpus callosum or anterior commissure from contralateral cortex

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19
Q

Afferent Thalamocortical fibers

From

A

From relay or association nuclei

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20
Q

Afferent Non specific thalamocortical fibers

from

A

intralminar nuclei

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21
Q

AfferentCholinergic and aminergic

from

A

basal forebrain
hypothalamus
brainstem

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22
Q

Efferents from cortex
cells
type

A

Excitatory pyramidal cell axons

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23
Q

Efferent comissural fibers
From
Laterallity
Thru

A

From contralateral cerebrum

via corpus calllosum and anterior commissure

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24
Q

Largest input to basal ganglia

A

fibers from primary sensory and motor cortex

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25
Pyramidal cells in primary sensory Project to How many?
Project to nearby cortex, no need for long axons, | Few pyramidal cells
26
Types of cortical regions
Primary motor Primary sensory Association Limbic
27
Primary somatosensory cortex
Post central gyrus
28
Language comprehension lobe
Inferior parietal lobe (usually left)
29
Rest of parietal lobe
Complex spatial orientation and directing attention
30
Bilateral injury to inferior occipital lobe
color blindness
31
Bilateral injury to occipital-temporal junction
motion blindness
32
Line of Gennari What is it Location
Thin strip of myelin | Primary visual cortex (striate cortex
33
LGN structure
1,4,6 contralateral eye | 2,3,5 ipsilateral eye
34
Parvocellular layers
3-6
35
Magnocellular layers
1-2
36
Macular is represented _______ | Peripheral field is _______
Posteriorly | Anteriorly
37
Primary visual cortex other name
Striate cortex
38
Striate cortex arrangement
repeated modular collection of neurons in columns | All neurons in one column are for specific modality
39
Ventral Stream Layers Purpose
Parvocellulular layers | Color, form
40
Dorsal stream Layers Purpose
Magnocellular layers | Location, movement
41
Temporal lobe functions
Primary auditory cortex Auditory association cortex Wernicke's area: language comprension Higher order visual processing
42
Primary auditory cortex
Superior surface of superior temporal gyrus
43
Wernicke's area
language comprehension | Posterior aspect of one hemisphere (usually left)
44
Gustatory cortex
``` Frontal lobe (operculum Insula ```
45
Vestibular cortex
Superior temoral gyrus | Posterior insula
46
Primary olfaction cortex | Corticality
paleocortical not neocortical
47
Olfactory cortex consists of
``` piriform cortex (near lateral olfactory tract) Periamygdaloid cortex (covers amygdala) parahippocampal gyrus ```
48
Broca's area Location Purpose
inferior frontal gyrus of one hemisphere (usually left) | Production of spoken and written language
49
Prefrontal cortex | purpose
executive function (personality, foresight, insight)
50
Association area function
higher mental function | language, art, music, etc
51
Unimodal association cortex function location
Adjacent to primary area | elaborates on business of primary area
52
Multimodal association cortex function location
high level intellectual functions Inferior parietal lobule much of fronta and temporal lobes
53
Left vs right lateral sulcus
Left extends further posteriorly
54
Planum temporale | what is it
part of superior tmeporal gyrus posterior to primary auditory cortex
55
aphasia
inability to use language
56
Broca's aphasia
Nonfluent | knows what to say but cant say much
57
wernickes aphasia
fluent | Dont know what theyre saying but say a lot
58
Language in right hemisphere
more than just selecting words | changes the tone
59
Multimodal area | Function
monitor relationships of body with outside words
60
Right parietal lobe damage
may ignore left half of body
61
Left parietal lobe damage
important for taking sensory info needed to plan movement | Patients unable to perform actions
62
Prefrontal cortex Dorsolateral | Role
Working memory, solving problems, attention
63
Prefrontal cortex Ventromedial | Damage
Makes people impulsive | unable to suppress inappropriate responses
64
Anterior commissure connects
temporal lobes | anterior olfactory nuclei
65
Commisural fibers to all parts of brain except
somatosensory and motor hand | parts of primary visual cortex
66
Disconections syndroms result from
white matter damage | write but unable to read

SP16 Anatomy Exam 3 (16 decks)

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