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OT 104: Neuroscience > L5. Cranial Nerves & Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

L5. Cranial Nerves & Spinal Nerves Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

A lesion in CN1 causes what?

A

Anosmia

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2
Q

A lesion in CN 2 causes what?

A

Anopsia

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3
Q

What innervates the superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CN 3

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4
Q

Ptosis can be caused by a lesion in what cranial nerve?

A

CN 3

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5
Q

Aside from controling eye muscles what else is the oculomotor nerve responsible for?

A

Innervates sphincter muscle of the eye (for pupil constriction) and the ciliary muscle (for accommodation reflex)

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6
Q

There are two primary cranial nerves that control the pupillary light reflex. Which cranial nerve is responsible for the afferent aspect and which is responsible for the efferent aspect?

A

Afferent: CN 2 (optic nerve)
Efferent: CN 3 (oculomotor nerve)

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7
Q

CN 3 innervating the right eye has a lesion. What happens if light is shined in the R eye?

A

Right eye won’t constrict but left eye will constrict due to consensual light reflex.

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8
Q

CN 2 innervating the right eye has a lesion, what happens if I shine light on the right side?

A

No constriction for both eyes

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9
Q

Cranial nerves are usually contralateral or ipsilateral?

A

Ipsilateral

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10
Q

A lesion at CN 4 causes what?

A

Vertical diplopia (double vision)

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11
Q

What does CN 4 innervate?

A

Superior oblique

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12
Q

What does CN 6 innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

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13
Q

A lesion at CN 6 causes what?

A

Horizontal diplopia or internal strabismus

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14
Q

External strabismus is caused by a lesion at which CN?

A

CN 3

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15
Q

CN 5 can still be classified to 3 more divisions. What are they?

A

CN V1 - Ophthalmic, CN V2 - Maxillary, CN V3 - Mandibular

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16
Q

The motor component of the trigeminal nerve (CN5) innervates what?

A

Muscles of mastication & tensor tympani

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17
Q

The sensory component of the trigeminal nerve innervates what?

A

Face, cornea, teeth, gums, palate, anterior 2/3 of tongue

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18
Q

What cranial nerve enables the corneal blink reflex (afferent)?

A

CN 5

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19
Q

What cranial nerve enables the jaw jerk reflex?

A

CN 5

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20
Q

What cranial nerve innervates taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN 7

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21
Q

The facial nerve (CN 7) has motor functions that innervates what?

A

Stapedius, muscles of facial expression

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22
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of CN 7?

A

submandibular and sublingual glands + lacrimal glands

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23
Q

What CN is responsible for the motor part of the corneal blink reflex?

A

CN 7

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24
Q
A
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25
What are the functions of CN 8?
transmit information regarding head position and head movement (vestibular) + transmit auditory information (cochlear)
26
What does the CN 9 (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) innervate?
Taste and Sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue, Sensation from soft palate and pharynx, innervates one pharynx muscle and parotid gland
27
What CN is responsible for carotid sinus reflex, gag reflex (afferent) and swallowing reflex (afferent)?
CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)
28
The vagus nerve (CN 10) has what sensory functions?
Sensation from pharynx (for swallowing) and larynx (voice box)
29
What are the parasympathetic functions of the vagus nerve?
Innervates the thoracic and abdominal viscera (heart, lungs, GI tract, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, etc.)
30
31
Which reflexes does the vagus nerve (CN 10) play a role in?
Gag reflex (efferent) and swallowing reflex (efferent)
32
Briefly explain how the gag reflex occurs?
Touching the pharynx (CN 9) elicits contraction of pharyngeal muscles (CN 10)
33
Briefly explain the swallowing reflex
food touching the entrance of the pharynx (CN 9) elicits movement of the soft palate and contraction of pharyngeal muscles (CN 10)
34
The cranial component of the accessory nerve innervates what?
Innervates muscles up to the larynx
35
The spinal component of the accessory nerve (CN 11) innervates what?
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
36
What happens if there was a lesion at CN 11?
The person may not be able to turn their head (SCM) or elevate shoulders (traps)
37
What is the function of CN 12 (hypoglossal nerve)?
Innervates most intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
38
A lesion at CN 12 causes what?
Dysarthria (difficulty speaking because muscles needed for speech are weak) and ipsilateral tongue deviation
39
What is the exit point of CN 3, 4, 5-V1 (ophthalmic) and CN 6?
Superior orbital fissure
40
What cranial nerves exit the foramen ovale?
CN 5 V3 (mandibular)
41
What cranial nerves exit the jugular foramen?
CN 9, 10, 11
42
Where does CN 11 exit?
Foramen magnum
43
What CN exit the optic canal?
CN 2
44
How many pairs of spinal nerves do humans have?
31 pairs
45
What are the components of a spinal nerve?
Dorsal and ventral root
46
Nerve roots exit from the _______ ______ through the _________ foramina.
Vertebral column, intervertebral foramina
47
What kind of nerve fiber conveys sensory information from the skin, joints, and muscles to the CNS?
Somatic afferent fiber
48
What kind of nerve fiber innervates skeletal muscles?
Somatic efferent fibers
49
What kind of nerve fiber are also known as “autonomic fibers”?
Visceral efferent fibers
50
What does the visceral efferent fiber innervate?
Sympathetic Fibers:thoracic segment, L1, L2 - viscera, glands, smooth muscles Parasympathetic Fibers: pelvic and lower abdominal viscera
51
What kind of nerve fiber convey sensory information from the viscera?
Visceral afferent fibers
52
This nerve fiber is for proprioception and innervates extrafusal fibers (inc. Golgi Tendon Organ)
A-alpha
53
This nerve fiber is known to be the fastest kind of nerve fiber.
A-alpha
54
What is the function of A-beta fibers?
Innervation of both intrafusal and extrafusal fibers (for touch and pressure)
55
This nerve fiber innervates intrafusal fibers (muscle spindles).
A-gamma
56
What nerve fiber is responsible for fast/sharp pain and temperature?
A-delta
57
What function do B fibers serve?
Autonomic (pre-ganglionic autonomic)
58
What kind of nerve fiber is the slowest?
C fibers
59
Denny is experiencing a dull and aching pain in his stomach. What nerve fiber is responsible for sensing this?
C fiber
60
What nerve innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
61
What nerve innervates the biceps and brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
62
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
Deltoids, teres minor
63
What does the radial nerve innervate?
Triceps, brachioradialis
64
What nerve innervates the skin of the lateral aspect of thigh?
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
65
What does the obturator nerve innervate?
Medial compartment of thigh
66
What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
67
What innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve
68
The gluteus maximus is innervatrd by what nerve?
Inferior gluteal nerve
69
What innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Sciatic nerve
70
What myotome causes elbow extension and wrist flexion?
C7
71
What myotome is responsible for hip flexion?
L2
72
What myotome is responsible for knee extension?
L3
73
What is the L4 myotome for?
Ankle dorsiflexion
74
Finger abduction and adduction is controlled by which myotome?
T1
75
Neck lateral flexion is mace possible by which myotome?
C3
76
Shrugging is made possible by which myotome?
C4
77
Which dermatome supplies the lateral antecubital fossa?
C5
78
S3 supplies which area (dermatome)?
Ischial tuberosity
79
The popliteal fossa is supplied by which dermatome?
S2
80
The middle finger is supplied by which dermatome?
C7

OT 104: Neuroscience (6 decks)

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