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OT 104: Neuroscience > L8. Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

L8. Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

The autonomic nervous system is modulated by which center in the brain?

A

supraspinal centers

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2
Q

What neurotransmitters are released from postganglionic synapse?

A

acetylcholine or nitric oxide

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3
Q

Where is the postganglionic neuron located at a sympathetic neuron chain?

A

spine

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4
Q

Where is the postganglionic neuron located at a parasympathetic neuron chain?

A

near target organ

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of a preganglionic neuron?

A
  1. soma at CNS
  2. axon: small, myelinated
  3. Type B fiber
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6
Q

What do you call the site of the synapse?

A

autonomic ganglion

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a postganglionic neuron?

A
  1. soma is OUTSIDE CNS
  2. axon: small, unmyelinated
  3. Type C fiber
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8
Q

Describe the pathway that initiates fight or flight response (preganglionic sympathetic - efferent).

A

“Preganglionic Sympathetic Efferent”:
1. preganglionic axon
2. white ramus communicans
3. sympathetic trunk ganglion

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9
Q

From the sympathetic trunk ganglion, what are the 4 other pathways can it go to?

A
  1. synapse with postganglionic neurons
  2. ascend or descent sympathetic trunk then synapse
  3. pass through sympathetic trunk ganglia, PREVERTEBRAL GANGLION, then synapse
  4. pass through sympathetic trunk, prevertebral ganglia, extend to CHROMAFFIN CELLS OF ADRENAL MEDULLA
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10
Q

The cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk ganglia is responsible for innervating which parts of the body?

A

Superior Cervical Ganglion - Head and Heart
Middle Cervical Ganglion - Heart
Inferior Cervical Ganglion - Heart

(Both-Heart-Heart)

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11
Q

What pathway is the final “effector” to execute a fight or flight response?

A

Postganglionic Sympathetic Efferent Pathways

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11
Q

The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk ganglia is responsible for innervating which parts of the body?

A

Thoracic Viscera (inc. sweat glands, blood vessels, arrector pili muscles)

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11
Q

Describe the pathway leading to the lungs (postganglionic sympathetic - efferent).

A
  1. upper thoracic ganglia
  2. vasomotor branches
    3.1 - thoracic aorta
    3.2 - pulmonary plexus > bronchi (lungs)
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12
Q

Describe the postganglionic sympathetic - efferent pathway.

A
  1. sympathetic trunk ganglion
  2. gray ramus communicans
  3. vasomotor, pilomotor, sweat gland innervation
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13
Q

Describe the pathway leading to the head (postganglionic sympathetic - efferent).

A
  1. superior cervical ganglion
  2. carotid plexus
  3. head
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14
Q

Describe the pathway leading to the heart (postganglionic sympathetic - efferent).

A
  1. superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglion
  2. superior cardiac nerves
  3. cardiac plexus
  4. myocardium
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15
Q

Describe the pathway leading to the abdominal viscera (postganglionic sympathetic - efferent).

A
  1. sympathetic trunk ganglia
  2. celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia
  3. celiac plexus
  4. abdominal viscera
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16
Q

Which splanchnic nerve is responsible for innervating the lower abdominal and pelvic viscera?

A

lumbar splanchnic nerve

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17
Q

Describe the pathway leading to the lower abdominal and pelvic viscera (postganglionic sympathetic - efferent).

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A
  1. sympathetic trunk ganglia
  2. inferior mesenteric ganglia
  3. hypogastric plexus
  4. lower abdominal and pelvic viscera
18
Q

(parasympathetic efferent fiber system - start w/preganglionic axon)

CN 3 > _____________ > smooth muscle fibers in the eyeballs

Study These Flashcards
A

ciliary ganglia

19
Q

(parasympathetic efferent fiber system - start w/preganglionic axon)

CN 7 > Pterygopalatine Ganglia > _____________

Study These Flashcards
A

nasal mucosa, palate, pharynx, lacrimal gland

20
Q

Describe the pathway leading to the submandibular and sublingual salivary gland (parasympathetic efferent fiber system - preganglionic).

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. CN7 - preganglionic axon
  2. Submandibular ganglia
  3. submandibular and sublingual salivary gland
21
Q

Describe the pathway leading to the parotid salivary gland (parasympathetic efferent fiber system - preganglionic).

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. CN 9 - preganglionic axon
  2. Otic ganglia
  3. parotid gland
22
Q

Describe the pathway leading to the thorax and abdomen (parasympathetic efferent fiber system - preganglionic).

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. CN 10 - preganglionic axon
    2.1 - Thorax (heart & lungs)
    2.2 - Abdomen
23
Preganglionic axons from S2-S4 lead to what? (parasympathetic efferent fiber system - preganglionic).
Large intestine, pelvic viscera, genitals
24
Parasympathetic neuronal length: 1. __________ preganglionic neuron 2. __________ postganglionic neuron
long, short
25
Sympathetic neuronal length: 1. __________ preganglionic neuron 2. __________ postganglionic neuron
short, long
26
What is the large network of nerves that serves as a conduit of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves?
autonomic plexus
27
What are the plexuses at the thorax?
cardiac and pulmonary plexus
28
What are the plexuses at the abdomen and pelvis?
celiac (Solar) plexus and hypogastric plexus
29
Where does the celiac plexus distribute to?
distributes to most of the abdominal viscera
30
Where does the hypogastric plexus distribute to?
pelvic viscera, urinary bladder, genitals
31
What is the intrinsic nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract?
enteric nervous system
32
Which plexus of the ENS is associated with the pancreas and gallbladder?
myenteric plexus
33
Which plexus of the ENS is associated with regulating secretory activity and innervates blood vessels?
submucosa plexus
34
1. Parasympathetic and sympathetic preganglionic neurons, 2. Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, and 3. SOME sympathetic postganglionic neurons (for sweat glands and vasodilation in skeletal muscles) release what kind of neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
35
What neurotransmitter do MOST sympathetic postganglionic neuron release?
norepinephrine
36
Where are Alpha 1 receptors located and what is its function?
Arteries - BP and blood flow return
37
Where are Alpha 2 receptors located and what is its function?
Brain Periphery - Decrease neurotransmitter release
38
Where are Beta 1 receptors located and what is its function?
Heart - increase heart rate and contractility
39
Where are Beta 2 receptors located and what is its function?
Bronchioles - increase diameter of bronchioles Arteries of Skeletal Muscle - dilate blood vessels
40
What are the parasympathetic receptors?
Nicotinic & Muscarinic
41
Where are nicotinic receptors located and what is its function?
chromaffin cells (adrenal medulla) - epinephrine & norepinephrine secretion sarcolemma - muscle contraction
42
Where are muscarinic receptors located and what is its function?
sweat glands - increase sweat skeletal muscle blood vessels - vasodilation
43

OT 104: Neuroscience (6 decks)

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