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Anatomy - Block 2 > L5 - Peritoneum > Flashcards

L5 - Peritoneum Flashcards

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1
Q

Peritoneum

A

is a continuous, glistening, transparent serous membrane

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2
Q

What is the Parietal Peritoneum?

A

internal lining of the abdominopelvic cavity

Anterolateral

mesothelium, fat, connective tissue

(transversalis facia)

Posterior abdominal wall

mesothelium, connective tissue

(endoabdominal facia), muscles

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3
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A
  • invests the organs

3 types of visceral peritoneum

  • mesenteries
  • omenta
  • ligaments

(all consist of double layer of peritoneum)

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4
Q

What do the layers form?

A

they form the peritoneal sac that encloses the peritoneal cavity

  • the viscera lie outside of the peritoneal cavity
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5
Q

Both the parietal and the visceral peritoneum consist of:

A
  • mesothelium, a simple squamous epithelium
  • small amount of underlying connective tissue

Visceral peritoneum = “serosa”

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6
Q

What is the blood supply and innervation of the Parietal Peritoneum?

A

has the same blood supply

and

same innervation as the body wall

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7
Q

What is the blood supply and innervation of the Visceral Peritoneum?

A

has the same blood supply and innervation as the organs it invests

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8
Q

True or False

Because the visceral peritoneum is thin and very vascular, drugs can be injected intraperitoneally (IP) for rapid delivery

A

True

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9
Q

The mesenteries, omenta, and ligaments are formed by:

A

Visceral Peritoneum

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10
Q

Superior part of abdominopelvic cavity

Upper boundary –

Lower boundary –

A

Upper boundary – thoracic diaphragm

Lower boundary – superior pelvic aperture or pelvic inlet

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11
Q

The abdominal cavity extends to which intercostal space?

What are the contents of the abdominal cavity?

A

Extends to the 4th intercostal space

Peritoneum

Parietal

Lines the cavity

Visceral

Covers viscera

Abdominal viscera

  • Digestive organs
  • Spleen
  • Kidneys
  • Adrenal glands
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12
Q

Peritoneal cavity can be divided into two spaces or sacs, what are they?

A

Greater sac (cavum peritonei)

  • main and larger part of peritoneal cavity

Lesser sac (omental bursa)

  • smaller part of the peritoneal cavity

(posterior to the stomach)

  • allows free movement of the stomach
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13
Q

Lesser sac is also known as

A

Omental Bursa

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14
Q

The greater and lesser sac connect via the

A

Epiploic Foramen

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15
Q

Omental Bursa communicates with Greater sac via

A

Foramen of Winslow

Omental foramen =

Epiploic Foramen =

all three names mean the same thing

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16
Q

An opening situated posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum forming hepatoduodenal ligament

A

Omental (Epiploic) Foramen

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17
Q

What is the connection between the liver and the stomach?

A

Omental Bursa

(lesser omentum)

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18
Q

What connects the stomach to the transverse colon?

A

Greater Omentum

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19
Q

True or False

The connection of one organ to another in the abdominal cavity is known as the Omentum

A

True

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20
Q

The heptodoudenal ligemnt attaches to

A

Liver and Duodenum

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21
Q

True or False

The lesser omentum is inferior to the greater omentum

A

False

Lesser omentum is Superior to the Greater omentum

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22
Q

Which of these is posterior to the stomach and anterior to the pancreas?

A. Greater Sac

B. Lesser Sac

C. Greater Omentum

D. A and C

A

B. Lesser Sac

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23
Q

What are the two subsections of the lesser omentum?

A

Heptoduodenal Ligament

Heptogastric Ligament

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24
Q

Review

A
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25
Where is the viscera located? What does the cavity normally contain? Organs described as peritoneal or intraperitoneal are surrounded or nearly surrounded by
Viscera are outside the peritoneal cavity The cavity normally contains a small amount of serous fluid visceral peritoneum
26
What are the retroperitoneal organs covered by? What happens to the secondary retroperitoneal organs during development as they are pushed against the posterior body wall?
Retroperitoneal organs are only covered by **peritoneum on their anterior surfaces** Secondary retroperitoneal organs **lose their mesenteries** during development as they are pushed against the posterior body wall
27
Identify the Intraperitoneal Organs
- Spleen - Duodenum: Superior Part - Liver - Stomach - Transverse Colon - Small Intestine completely covered with visceral peritoneum
28
Idetify the Primary Retroperitoneal Organs
Kidneys Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands peritoneum only on their anterior surface
29
Identify the secondary Retroperitoneal Organs
- Pancreas - Ascending Colon - Descending Colon - Duodenum (Descending, Horizontal & Ascending Part)
30
The esophagus enters at and when it gets to the stomach, the the cardiac orifice enters at
**T10** **T11**
31
Which of these are NOT secondarily retroperitoneal? A. Pancreas B. Descending Colon C. Ascending Colon D. Kidneys E. Duodenum (Descending, Transverse and Ascending Parts)
**D. Kidneys** Kidneys are Primary retroperitoneal (never had mesentery)
32
What is the Cradiac Orfice? What is the pyloric sphincter? What is the Gastric rugae?
where the **esophagus enters the stomach** connects the stomach to the duodenum allow to expend gastric volume (stomach to expand and move)
33
Foregut Midgut Hindgut
_Foregut_ liver, stomach, esophagus _Midgut_ small intestines and some of large intestine _Hindgut_ large intestine, sigmoid, etc
34
What arteries directly come off the Celiac Trunk?
**Left Gastric Artery** **Splenic Artery** **Common Hepatic Artery**
35
What branches off of the Splenic Artery?
Splenic Artery → Left Gastroepiploic Artery
36
What branches off of the Common hepatic artery?
**Common Hepatic Artery** → Gastroduodenal Artery → Anterior & Posterior Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery Gastroduodenal Artery **turns into the** Right Gastroepiploic Artery
37
The Proper hepatic artery comes off of the
**Common Hepatic artery** Common hepatic artery **turns into** Proper hepatic artery
38
What comes off of the Proper Hepatic Artery?
Proper Hepatic Artery → **Right Gastric Artery** Proper Hepatic Artery → **Left & Right Hepatic Artery**
39
What comes off of the Right Hepatic Artery?
Right Hepatic Artery → **Cystic Artery**
40
**Celiac Trunk** **Left Gastric Artery** (comes off celiac trunk) **Splenic Artery** → Left Gastroepiploic Artery **Common Hepatic Artery** → Gastroduodenal Artery → Anterior & Posterior Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery & Right Gastroepiploic Artery Proper Hepatic Artery → Right Gastric Artery Proper Hepatic Artery → Left & Right Hepatic Artery Right Hepatic Artery → Cystic Artery
41
Left & Right Gastric Arteries, as well as Left & Right Gastroepiploic Arteries, form , respectively
an **anastomosis** (cross/connect)
42
True or False Right Gastro-Omental = Right Gastroepiploic
True
43
Splenic artery off the celiac trunk gives off which branch? A. Gastroduodenal Artery B. Right Gastric Artery C. Left Gastroepiploic Artery D. Left Gastric Artery
**Left Gastroepiploic Artery**
44
Where is the spleen found?
Located on left side within the greater sac It lies against the **9th - 11th ribs** Trauma to the ribs can rupture the spleen causing profuse internal bleeding
45
What type of circulation does the spleen have?
Spleen: **open** and **closed** **circulation** RBC have to make it back quickly to the spleen in order to go back to the heat (RBC has to be fast and quick)
46
The spleen is an organ What's its job?
Immune organ Highly vascular – filters blood
47
Pancreas -Secondarily Retroperitoneal organ
It s an **exocrine** organ (within ducts) - secretes enzymes in a large volume of fluid into duodenum and **endocrine** organ (within bloodstream) - secretes hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood
48
The head of the pancreas is hugged by what structure? The tail is by the
**Duodenum** ## Footnote **Spleen**
49
The pancreas is to the stomach
**Posterior**
50
The pancreas is exocrine and endocrine in function because of what, respectively?
Secretes enzymes into the duodenum; Secretes insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream
51
Hormonal control of exocrine function by what?
**enteroendocrine cells in duodenum** enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum regulate the secretion of the enzymes from the pancreas
52
The minor papillae is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_to the major papillae
**Superior**
53
**Major Papilla** **Minor Papilla**
**Major papilla** opening of the _main pancreatic duct_ and _common bile duct_ **Minor papilla** Site of _drainage of the accessory pancreatic duc_t
54
Hepatopancreatic Ampula
Regulates flow of bile and pancreatic juice
55
What can Obstructive Jaundice be caused by?
- Pancreatic Carcinoma - Obstruction of Common Bile Duct
56
True or False Liver AND Pancreas are exocrine only in function
False **Liver** AND **Pancreas** are **exocrine** and **endocrine** in function
57
**Liver** What supplies deoxygenated blood to the liver? What supplies oxygenated blood to the liver?
**Portal Vein - 75%** **Hepatic Artery - 25%** central vein – travels alone
58
Exocrine & Endocrine Summary
**Exocrine**: _Pancreas_ - Secretory enzymes into the duodenum _Liver_ - Bile production and storage in gallbladder **Endocrine** _Pancreas_ - Production of insulin and glucagon and their release into the bloodstream _Liver_ - Production and release of plasma proteins into the bloodstream
59
Which structure flows through the major papilla?
**Main Pancreatic Duct** & **Common Bile Duct**
60
True or False The **Liver** is: - Intraperitoneal (Peritoneal) organ - The largest glandular tissue in the body (exocrine and endocrine)
True
61
What is the Bare area?
**Bare area** the site where the original relationship with septum transversum is retained - The liver is suspended from the diaphragm by the **coronary ligament**
62
Coronary ligament suspends the liver from _?_
the **diaphragm**
63
What separates the left and right lobe of the liver?
**Falciform Ligament ​**
64
Where is the bile produced and stored?
Bile is produced in the **LIVER** but stored in the **Gallbladder**
65
Common Hepatic Duct + Cystic Duct
Common Hepatic Duct + Cystic Duct → Common Bile Duct → Major Papilla
66
All of the venous drainage from the digestive organs and the spleen enter the to be carried to the liver.
**portal venous system**
67
True or False The liver has a _low_ regenerative capacity
False The liver has a **high** regenerative capacity
68
The Liver: Vascular System _Interlobular vessels_ travel in triads (blood directed toward the sinusoids) - **portal vein 75%** (blood from intestine, spleen, pancreas) - **hepatic artery 25%** (oxygenated blood to the liver) **central vein** – travels alone (receives blood from the sinusoids)
69
**Vascular system – blood flow:**
**Vascular system – blood flow:** ↑ Inferior vena cava ↑ Hepatic veins ↑ Sublobular and collecting veins ↑ Central vein ↑ Sinusoids ↑ Inlet venules ↑ **Portal vein and hepatic artery and their branches**
70
Liver Cirrhosis
Progressive Hepatocyte Destruction → Scarring → Loss of Connections → Fibrocollagenous Tissue →→→ Chronic Liver Failure
71
Gallbladder
**Peritoneum** completely **surrounds** the **fundus of gallbladde**r Gallbladder → Stores Bile Common Hepatic Duct + Cystic Duct → Common Bile Duct →
72
**Gallstones**
**Obstructive Jaundice**: Obstruction of Common Bile Duct **Cholecystitis**: Obstruction of Cystic Duct
73
**Gallbladder: obstructive biliary disease (Obstructive jaundice)**
_First 6 months:_ A constant drip of bile _After 6 months:_ Good regulation
74
**Gallstones**
- Twice as likely in female than male - can cause severe epigastric or right upper quadrant pain - Pain can be referred to right shoulder - Large gallstones can cause obstructive jaundice

Anatomy - Block 2 (8 decks)

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