L7 - Carbs Flashcards
(30 cards)
what elements are present in carbs?
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
what are the 2 types of carbs?
saccharides (sugars)
polysaccharides (complex sugars)
what are the physical properties of saccharides?
3
low molecular weight
soluble in water
sweet to taste
what are the physical properties of polysaccharides?
3
High molecular weight
Insoluble in water
Tasteless
what compositions do saccharides have?
2
monosaccharides (simple sugars)
disaccharides (double sugars)
what compositions do polysaccharides have?
1
multiple sugars
what type of bond do disaccharides + polysaccharides have?
glycosidic bonds
what is the general formula for monomers?
Cn H2n On
what is the general formula for disaccharides?
C12 H22 011
what is the general formula for polysaccharides?
Cx (H2O)n
What are common examples of monomers?
5
Glyceraldehyde Glucose Fructose Galactose Ribose sugar
What are common examples of disaccharides?
3
maltose
sucrose
lactose
What are common examples of polysaccharides?
5
Starch Glycogen Cellulose Lignin Chitin
What are the 2 types of glucose?
what is the difference?
Alpha glucose
beta glucose
they have different orientation of the hydrogen + hydroxyl groups on a carbon atom
(on the right side)
Are monomers reducing or non-reducing sugars?
reducing sugars
Are disaccharides reducing or non-reducing sugars?
reducing + non-reducing sugars
Are polysaccharides reducing or non-reducing sugars?
non-reducing sugars
how are polysaccharides formed?
Monomers bond together to form a polymer, with the removal of a water molecule
(condensation reaction)
what does the condensation of 2 glucose molecules form?
maltose
what does the condensation of a glucose + a fructose molecule form?
sucrose
what does the condensation of a glucose + a galactose molecule form?
lactose
what type of glycosidic bond is maltose?
1,4 glycosidic bond
what type of glycosidic bond is sucrose?
1,2 glycosidic bond
what type of glycosidic bond is lactose?
1,4 glycosidic bond
