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Respiratory Pharmacology > L8 - acute bacterial respiratory infections > Flashcards

L8 - acute bacterial respiratory infections Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Sinusitis

A

infection of sinus

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2
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Infection of tonsils

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3
Q

Pharyngitis

A

sore throat, pharynx infection

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4
Q

Laryngitis

A

larynx infection

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5
Q

Tracheitis

A

trachea infection

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6
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

bronchiole infection

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7
Q

Pleurisy

A

inflammation of pleura often caused by infections

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8
Q

Bronchitis

A

Bronchi infection

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9
Q

Pneumonia

A

infection of alveoli and surrounding lung

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10
Q

Skin

A

keeps everything out, waterproof, keeps everything in except sweat

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11
Q

Skin surface area

A

1.5-2 metres squared

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12
Q

Urinary system

A

sterile and flow is outwards

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13
Q

Vagina

A

acidic pH, commensal bacteria, thick mucosal barrier, mucosal immune system

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14
Q

intestine and stomach

A

acidic, enzymes, commensal bacteria and thick mucosal bacteria

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15
Q

Pharyngitis symptoms

A

tender neck glands, fever, large tonsils with pus, throat swan grows Fram positive cocci

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16
Q

Pharyngitis viral

A

70-80%

rhinovirus, adenovirus, etc

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17
Q

Pharyngitis bacterial

A

10-30% due to streptococcus progenies, GABHs

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18
Q

GABHs-associated siease

A

scarlet fever, PSGN, rheumatic fever

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19
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

3-14%, nasty cold with associated headache/congestyion

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20
Q

Lemiere’s disease

A

can cause infection of jugular vein leading to infection of heart, chest, lungs

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21
Q

Diptheria symptoms

A

Sore throat, low fever, pseudomembrane on tonsils, pharynx or nasal cavity

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22
Q

Diptheria swab

A

grows irregular gram-positive rods

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23
Q

Diptheria treatment

A

anti-toxin as it has a different pathogenesis
Antibiotics to eradicate carriage of organism and so prevent transfer to other susceptible subjects but does not cure disease

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24
Q

Sinusitis symptoms

A

usually viral, fever, discharge, unilateral pain

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25
Sinusitis complications
brain abscess, sinus vein thrombosis and orbital cellulitis
26
Epiglottis
soft tissue that covers oesophagus when breathing
27
Acute epiglottitis
formerly an illness of children 2-4 years old presented with fever, dysphagia, drooling and strider encaspulted, results in epiglottis swelling and affects rare immunocompromised patients
28
Bronchitis infection
haemophilus influenza type B now rare due to vaccine
29
Acute epiglottis swab
gram negative cocobacilli
30
Bronchitis definition
self-limited inflammation of the epithelia of the bronchi due to upper airway infection
31
Bronchitis symptoms
generally results in cough with phlegm and breathlessness, mostly viral, bacterial is rare can be chronic or acute
32
Whooping cough bacteria
bordatella pertussis
33
whooping cough swav
gram negtaive bacillus
34
Adenylate cyclase toxin
inhibits phagocyte chemotaxis and T cell activation
35
Pertussis toxin
inhibits alveolar macrophage defence
36
Tracheal cytotoxin/dermonecrotic toxin
epithelial necrosis
37
Whooping cough virulence factors contribute...
to a chronic cough, paraxysms of coughing and 50% post-pertussive coughing
38
Whooping cough incubation phase
7-10 days
39
Whooping cough catarrhal phase
1-2 weeks, rhinorrhea, conjunctivitis, low-grade fever and lymphocytosis
40
Whooping cough paroxysmal phase
1-6 weeks, coughing spasms, inspiratory whoop, post-ptussive vomiting, cough lasting 2 weeks
41
Whooping cough complications
pneumonia, encephalopathy and subconjuval haemorrhage
42
whooping cough acellular vaccine
as part of TaP at 2, 3, 4 months and booster at 3-4 years | but may not give life-long immunity and may have reduced effects from natural infections
43
Pneumonia infection
general term for lung parenchyma inflammation specifically
44
Pneumonia alveoli
pus-filled so harder for gas exchange
45
Pneumonia pathogenesis
bacteria translocates to normal sterile distal airway, overwhelms neutrophil defence, develops an inflammatory response causing neutrophils and inflammatory exudate to fill the alveolar space
46
Pneumonia resolution phase
bacteria is cleared, inflammatory cells removed by apoptosis leading to complete recovery
47
Pneumonia severe disease
occurs if there is excessive inflammation, lung injury, failure to resolve or blood stream invasion by pathogen
48
Pneumonia symptoms
fever, sweats, riggers, weakness and malaise fast heart rate, shortness of breath with low O2 levels, cough and sputum, pleuritic chest pain signs of lung consolidations
49
Pneumonia microbiological tests
sputum culture and sensitivities, positive gram stain, blood culture, serology, urinary antigen, PCR< viruses
50
S. Pneumoniae
40%, gram positive cocci, alpha hemolytic, optocochin sensitive, over 90 serotypes
51
Staphylococcus aureus
may complicate recent influenza, ventilator-associated pneumonia
52
Klebsiella oneumonia
gram-negative bacilli, enterobacteriacae
53
Legionella pneumonia
lives in warm water, i.e. showers not used for a while and bad AC
54
hospital-acquired pneumonia
acquired at least 48 hours followingg admission, seen in elderly, ventilator-associated and post-operative patients
55
hospital-acquired pneumonia diagnosis
new fever, purulent secretions, radiological infiltrates, white cells rise, plus increasing oxygen requirements
56
earl onset under 5 days in HAP
organisms similar to CAP and also anaerobes
57
late onset over 5 days in HAP
Steph, Aureus, pseudomonas aeroginosa, acinetobacter baccmanii and klebsiella pneumonia
58
Lung abscess
seen in aspiration, alcoholics and those with poor dentition
59
Lung abscess organisms
Streptococcus Miller, anaerobes, klebsiella pneumoniae
60
Lung abscess metastatic
from right heart/intravenous system
61
Lung abscess treatment
prolonged antibiotics up to 6 weeks, may need surgical drainage

Respiratory Pharmacology (17 decks)

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