L8: Lower Limb-muscle groups Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
fascia lata=
A
thigh fascia
2
Q
what is the fascia lata continuous with superiorly (3)
A
- inguinal ligament
- scarpa’s fascia
- bony pelvis
3
Q
what muscles does the fascia lata encapsulate
A
Gluteus maximus and Tensor fascia latae
4
Q
what is the small opening in the fascia lata near the inguinal ligament called
A
saphenous opening
5
Q
what happens at the saphenous opening
A
great saphenous vein pierces through the deep fascia to go from being superficial to deep
6
Q
on the lateral side what does the fascia lata thicken to become
A
iliotibial tract
7
Q
fascia distal to knee=
A
crural fascia
8
Q
what is the crurual fascia continuous with
A
fascia lata
9
Q
what does the crural fascia fuse with distally
A
periosteum os the subcutaneous bone (tibia bone)
10
Q
what does the crural fascia thicken distally to become
A
extensor retinacula
11
Q
2 forms of deep leg fascia
A
fascia lata
crural fascia
12
Q
does deep fascia stretch
A
no
13
Q
compartments in thigh
A
anterior, posterior and medial
14
Q
compartments in leg
A
anterior, lateral and posterior
15
Q
2 reasons for compartment syndrome
A
- increased fluid content
2. External compression
16
Q
how to fix compartment syndrome
A
fasciotomy
17
Q
a very late sign of compartment syndrome=
A
no pulse present
18
Q
5 areas of the lower limb
A
- gluteal region
- iliac region
- thigh
- leg
- foot
19
Q
iliac region action–>
A
hip flexors
20
Q
gluteal region action
A
only on hip –> abductors, rotators and extensors
21
Q
anterior thigh action=
A
hip flexors and knee extensors
22
Q
medial thigh action=
A
hip adductors
23
Q
posterior thigh action=
A
hip extensors, knee flexors
24
Q
anterior leg action=
A
ankle extensors/ dorsiflexors
25
lateral leg action=
ankle everters
26
posterior leg action
ankle flexors/ plantar flexors
27
4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris
- rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus lateralis
28
what does rectus femoris look like
a feather
29
what muscle of the quadriceps is the only muscle to cross the hip joint
rectus femoris
30
origin of rectus femoris
anterior inferior iliac spine
31
where does rectus femoris insert into
patella
32
action of rectus femoris
knee extension
| flexion of hip
33
Vastus muscles insertion=
vast:
| they insert onto the femur covering the middle and distal surface of the bone
34
what muscle takes up the lateral side of the thigh
vastus lateralis
35
what runs over the top of vastus lateralis
iliotibial tract
36
longest muscle in the body=
sartorius
37
origin of sartorius
anterior superior iliac spine
38
insertion of sartorius
top of the tibia
39
action of sartorius
flex hip
| flex knee joint
40
odd muscle out in the anterior compartment
pectineus
41
why is pectineus odd in the anterior compartment
its a adductor (all other adductors are in the medial compartment)
42
pectineus origin=
pectineal line of pubis
43
pectineus insertion=
pectineal line of femur
44
nerve supply of anterior compartment
femoral nerve
45
artery supply of anterior compartment
femoral artery
46
action of the anterior compartment
extend knee and flex hip
47
3 muscles in medial compartment
1. Adductors (brevis, longus and magnus)
2. Gracilis
3. Obturator externus
48
where do all the adductors insert
linea aspera
49
what is the linea aspera
raised ridge on the posterior aspect of tibia
50
adductor magnus is
a really big muscle with 2 functions
51
2 functions of adductor magnus
- adducts the hip joint
| - also acts as a hamstring muscle to extend the hip
52
gracilis origin
just in front of the pubic synthesis
53
gracilis insertion
medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia
54
describe gracilis
muscle that travels straight down medially
55
gracilis inserts in the same place as
sartorius
56
deep muscle in the medial compartment
obturator externus
57
nerve supplying the medial compartment
obturator nerve
58
largest foramen in the body
obturator foramen
59
main function of the medial compartment
adduct hip
60
femoral triangle superior boundary
inguinal ligament
61
femoral triangle medial border= (2)
sartorius + adductor longus
62
floor of femoral triangle (3)
pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
63
roof of femoral triangle
fascia lata
64
contents of the femoral triangle (4)
-femoral nerve
-femoral artery
-femoral vein
femoral canal
65
which bit of the femoral triangle isn't in the femoral sheath
femoral nerve
66
what is the adductor canal
space that extends from femoral triangle distally down to the adductor hiatus
67
adductor hiatus=
space formed in the adductor Magnus (between the 2 separate parts of the muscle)
68
where does the adductor part of adductor Magnus attach
linea aspera
69
where does the hamstring part of adductor Magnus attach
adductor tubercle
70
what passes in the adductor canal
- femoral artery and vein (pass posteriorly into the popliteal fossa)
- Saphenous nerve exits medially between sartorius and gracilis
71
2 main nerves of lumbar plexus
femoral and obturator
72
2 areas that the lumbar plexus supplies
anterior and medial compartment
73
common origin of hamstring muscles (posterior compartment)
ischial tuberosity
74
3 muscles of hamstrings
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris
75
insertion of semitendinosus
medial surface of proximal tibia (where sartorius and gracilis attach)
76
what sits deep to semitendinosus
semimembranosus
77
muscle on lateral side of hamstring=
biceps femoris
78
which head of biceps femoris crosses the hip joint
```
long head
(short head originates from femur)
```
79
where does biceps femoris insert
head of fibula
80
innervation of posterior compartment
sciatic nerve
| specifically tibial nerve
81
action of posterior compartment
- extend hip
| - flex knee
82
gluteal region muscles
- gluteus; maximus, medius, minimus
- piriformis
- obturator internus and gemelli
- quadratus femoris
- tensor fascia latae
83
largest volume of muscle in the body=
gluteus maximus
84
where does gluteus maximus mainly originate from
sacrum and iliac crest
85
where does gluteus maximus insert
posterior aspect of femur
86
what do gluteus medius and minimus do
abductor the hip
87
where do gluteus medius and minimus originate and insert
from iliac crest down onto the greater trochanter of the femur
88
which muscles are the only internal rotators of the gluteal region
gluteus medius and minimus
89
what is piriformis a good landmark for
the sciatic nerve
90
whats the action of obturator internus and gemelli
lateral rotators
91
twin in latin=
gemini
92
what is inbetween the 2 gemelli
obturator internus
93
role of quadratus femoris
lateral rotator
94
origin of quadratus femoris
ischial tuberosity
95
nerves to the gluteal region
superior and inferior gluteal nerves
96
what two nerves is the sciatic nerve made of
1. the common fibular nerve
| 2. tibial nerve
97
superior gluteal nerve comes out ____ and supplies
superior to piriformis and supplies gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata
98
inferior gluteal nerve comes out _____
inferior to piriformis along with sciatic nerve
99
anterior compartment of leg contains which muscles
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis tertius
100
role of tibialis anterior
- inverter
| - dorsiflexes the ankle
101
what muscle belly does fibularis tertius hijack
digitorum longus
102
where does fibularis tertius insert
5th metatarsal in foot
103
role of fibularis tertius
evertor
104
innervation of anterior compartment of leg
deep fibular nerve
105
artery for anterior compartment of leg
anterior tibial artery
106
2 muscles in lateral crural compartment
fibularis longus
| fibularis brevis
107
innervation of lateral crural compartment
superficial fibular nerve
108
artery supply to lateral crural compartment
fibular artery (not found in this compartment)
109
action of lateral crural compartment
evert ankle
110
superficial muscles in posterior crural compartment
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
111
gastrocnemius originates and inserts
from femur inserting onto the calcaneus bone via calcaneal tendon
112
soleus originates from
posterior fibula and tibula
113
does soleus cross knee joint
no
114
soleus inserts into
calcaneal tendon/ bone
115
where does plantaris start
on the lateral epicondyle on femur
116
where does plantaris insert
calcaneal tendon
117
what is plantaris used for
proprioception
118
deep muscles in the posterior crural compartment
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
- popliteus
119
action of tibialis posterior
plantar flex foot
120
innervation of the posterior crural compartment
tibial nerve
121
artery of the posterior crural compartment
posterior tibial artery
122
action of the posterior crural compartment
plantar flexors (flexors)
123
contents of the popliteal fossa
- popliteal artery and vein
- tibial nerve
- small saphenous vein
124
2 splits of the common fibular nerve
- superficial supplying lateral compartment
| - deep supplying anterior compartment
125
myotomes hip flexion
L2 L3
126
myotomes hip extension
L4 L5
127
myotomes knee extension
L3 L4
128
myotomes knee flexion
L5 S1
129
myotomes dorsiflexion ankle
L4 L5
130
myotomes plantarflexion ankle
S1 S2
