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Block 12 Ellen > L8: Lower Limb-muscle groups > Flashcards

L8: Lower Limb-muscle groups Flashcards

1
Q

fascia lata=

A

thigh fascia

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2
Q

what is the fascia lata continuous with superiorly (3)

A
  • inguinal ligament
  • scarpa’s fascia
  • bony pelvis
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3
Q

what muscles does the fascia lata encapsulate

A

Gluteus maximus and Tensor fascia latae

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4
Q

what is the small opening in the fascia lata near the inguinal ligament called

A

saphenous opening

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5
Q

what happens at the saphenous opening

A

great saphenous vein pierces through the deep fascia to go from being superficial to deep

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6
Q

on the lateral side what does the fascia lata thicken to become

A

iliotibial tract

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7
Q

fascia distal to knee=

A

crural fascia

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8
Q

what is the crurual fascia continuous with

A

fascia lata

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9
Q

what does the crural fascia fuse with distally

A

periosteum os the subcutaneous bone (tibia bone)

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10
Q

what does the crural fascia thicken distally to become

A

extensor retinacula

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11
Q

2 forms of deep leg fascia

A

fascia lata

crural fascia

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12
Q

does deep fascia stretch

A

no

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13
Q

compartments in thigh

A

anterior, posterior and medial

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14
Q

compartments in leg

A

anterior, lateral and posterior

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15
Q

2 reasons for compartment syndrome

A
  1. increased fluid content

2. External compression

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16
Q

how to fix compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

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17
Q

a very late sign of compartment syndrome=

A

no pulse present

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18
Q

5 areas of the lower limb

A
  • gluteal region
  • iliac region
  • thigh
  • leg
  • foot
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19
Q

iliac region action–>

A

hip flexors

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20
Q

gluteal region action

A

only on hip –> abductors, rotators and extensors

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21
Q

anterior thigh action=

A

hip flexors and knee extensors

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22
Q

medial thigh action=

A

hip adductors

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23
Q

posterior thigh action=

A

hip extensors, knee flexors

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24
Q

anterior leg action=

A

ankle extensors/ dorsiflexors

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25
Q

lateral leg action=

A

ankle everters

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26
Q

posterior leg action

A

ankle flexors/ plantar flexors

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27
Q

4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus lateralis
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28
Q

what does rectus femoris look like

A

a feather

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29
Q

what muscle of the quadriceps is the only muscle to cross the hip joint

A

rectus femoris

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30
Q

origin of rectus femoris

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

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31
Q

where does rectus femoris insert into

A

patella

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32
Q

action of rectus femoris

A

knee extension

flexion of hip

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33
Q

Vastus muscles insertion=

A

vast:

they insert onto the femur covering the middle and distal surface of the bone

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34
Q

what muscle takes up the lateral side of the thigh

A

vastus lateralis

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35
Q

what runs over the top of vastus lateralis

A

iliotibial tract

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36
Q

longest muscle in the body=

A

sartorius

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37
Q

origin of sartorius

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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38
Q

insertion of sartorius

A

top of the tibia

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39
Q

action of sartorius

A

flex hip

flex knee joint

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40
Q

odd muscle out in the anterior compartment

A

pectineus

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41
Q

why is pectineus odd in the anterior compartment

A

its a adductor (all other adductors are in the medial compartment)

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42
Q

pectineus origin=

A

pectineal line of pubis

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43
Q

pectineus insertion=

A

pectineal line of femur

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44
Q

nerve supply of anterior compartment

A

femoral nerve

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45
Q

artery supply of anterior compartment

A

femoral artery

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46
Q

action of the anterior compartment

A

extend knee and flex hip

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47
Q

3 muscles in medial compartment

A
  1. Adductors (brevis, longus and magnus)
  2. Gracilis
  3. Obturator externus
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48
Q

where do all the adductors insert

A

linea aspera

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49
Q

what is the linea aspera

A

raised ridge on the posterior aspect of tibia

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50
Q

adductor magnus is

A

a really big muscle with 2 functions

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51
Q

2 functions of adductor magnus

A
  • adducts the hip joint

- also acts as a hamstring muscle to extend the hip

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52
Q

gracilis origin

A

just in front of the pubic synthesis

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53
Q

gracilis insertion

A

medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia

54
Q

describe gracilis

A

muscle that travels straight down medially

55
Q

gracilis inserts in the same place as

A

sartorius

56
Q

deep muscle in the medial compartment

A

obturator externus

57
Q

nerve supplying the medial compartment

A

obturator nerve

58
Q

largest foramen in the body

A

obturator foramen

59
Q

main function of the medial compartment

A

adduct hip

60
Q

femoral triangle superior boundary

A

inguinal ligament

61
Q

femoral triangle medial border= (2)

A

sartorius + adductor longus

62
Q

floor of femoral triangle (3)

A

pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus

63
Q

roof of femoral triangle

A

fascia lata

64
Q

contents of the femoral triangle (4)

A

-femoral nerve
-femoral artery
-femoral vein
femoral canal

65
Q

which bit of the femoral triangle isn’t in the femoral sheath

A

femoral nerve

66
Q

what is the adductor canal

A

space that extends from femoral triangle distally down to the adductor hiatus

67
Q

adductor hiatus=

A

space formed in the adductor Magnus (between the 2 separate parts of the muscle)

68
Q

where does the adductor part of adductor Magnus attach

A

linea aspera

69
Q

where does the hamstring part of adductor Magnus attach

A

adductor tubercle

70
Q

what passes in the adductor canal

A
  • femoral artery and vein (pass posteriorly into the popliteal fossa)
  • Saphenous nerve exits medially between sartorius and gracilis
71
Q

2 main nerves of lumbar plexus

A

femoral and obturator

72
Q

2 areas that the lumbar plexus supplies

A

anterior and medial compartment

73
Q

common origin of hamstring muscles (posterior compartment)

A

ischial tuberosity

74
Q

3 muscles of hamstrings

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

75
Q

insertion of semitendinosus

A

medial surface of proximal tibia (where sartorius and gracilis attach)

76
Q

what sits deep to semitendinosus

A

semimembranosus

77
Q

muscle on lateral side of hamstring=

A

biceps femoris

78
Q

which head of biceps femoris crosses the hip joint

A 
long head 
(short head originates from femur)
79
Q

where does biceps femoris insert

A

head of fibula

80
Q

innervation of posterior compartment

A

sciatic nerve

specifically tibial nerve

81
Q

action of posterior compartment

A
  • extend hip

- flex knee

82
Q

gluteal region muscles

A
  • gluteus; maximus, medius, minimus
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus and gemelli
  • quadratus femoris
  • tensor fascia latae
83
Q

largest volume of muscle in the body=

A

gluteus maximus

84
Q

where does gluteus maximus mainly originate from

A

sacrum and iliac crest

85
Q

where does gluteus maximus insert

A

posterior aspect of femur

86
Q

what do gluteus medius and minimus do

A

abductor the hip

87
Q

where do gluteus medius and minimus originate and insert

A

from iliac crest down onto the greater trochanter of the femur

88
Q

which muscles are the only internal rotators of the gluteal region

A

gluteus medius and minimus

89
Q

what is piriformis a good landmark for

A

the sciatic nerve

90
Q

whats the action of obturator internus and gemelli

A

lateral rotators

91
Q

twin in latin=

A

gemini

92
Q

what is inbetween the 2 gemelli

A

obturator internus

93
Q

role of quadratus femoris

A

lateral rotator

94
Q

origin of quadratus femoris

A

ischial tuberosity

95
Q

nerves to the gluteal region

A

superior and inferior gluteal nerves

96
Q

what two nerves is the sciatic nerve made of

A
  1. the common fibular nerve

2. tibial nerve

97
Q

superior gluteal nerve comes out ____ and supplies

A

superior to piriformis and supplies gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata

98
Q

inferior gluteal nerve comes out _____

A

inferior to piriformis along with sciatic nerve

99
Q

anterior compartment of leg contains which muscles

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • fibularis tertius
100
Q

role of tibialis anterior

A
  • inverter

- dorsiflexes the ankle

101
Q

what muscle belly does fibularis tertius hijack

A

digitorum longus

102
Q

where does fibularis tertius insert

A

5th metatarsal in foot

103
Q

role of fibularis tertius

A

evertor

104
Q

innervation of anterior compartment of leg

A

deep fibular nerve

105
Q

artery for anterior compartment of leg

A

anterior tibial artery

106
Q

2 muscles in lateral crural compartment

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

107
Q

innervation of lateral crural compartment

A

superficial fibular nerve

108
Q

artery supply to lateral crural compartment

A

fibular artery (not found in this compartment)

109
Q

action of lateral crural compartment

A

evert ankle

110
Q

superficial muscles in posterior crural compartment

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
111
Q

gastrocnemius originates and inserts

A

from femur inserting onto the calcaneus bone via calcaneal tendon

112
Q

soleus originates from

A

posterior fibula and tibula

113
Q

does soleus cross knee joint

A

no

114
Q

soleus inserts into

A

calcaneal tendon/ bone

115
Q

where does plantaris start

A

on the lateral epicondyle on femur

116
Q

where does plantaris insert

A

calcaneal tendon

117
Q

what is plantaris used for

A

proprioception

118
Q

deep muscles in the posterior crural compartment

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • popliteus
119
Q

action of tibialis posterior

A

plantar flex foot

120
Q

innervation of the posterior crural compartment

A

tibial nerve

121
Q

artery of the posterior crural compartment

A

posterior tibial artery

122
Q

action of the posterior crural compartment

A

plantar flexors (flexors)

123
Q

contents of the popliteal fossa

A
  • popliteal artery and vein
  • tibial nerve
  • small saphenous vein
124
Q

2 splits of the common fibular nerve

A
  • superficial supplying lateral compartment

- deep supplying anterior compartment

125
Q

myotomes hip flexion

A

L2 L3

126
Q

myotomes hip extension

A

L4 L5

127
Q

myotomes knee extension

A

L3 L4

128
Q

myotomes knee flexion

A

L5 S1

129
Q

myotomes dorsiflexion ankle

A

L4 L5

130
Q

myotomes plantarflexion ankle

A

S1 S2

Block 12 Ellen (25 decks)

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