L9 - Retrieval Failure

Question 1

What is retrieval failure?

Answer 1

Being unable to access information in the LTM due to insufficient cues

Question 2

Define retrieval cues

Answer 2

Data associated with information being placed in the LTM which when present help an individual to access that info

Question 3

What is the encoding specificity principle?

Answer 3

If a cue is going to help recollection, it has to be present during coding and retrieval
If different/absent = forget

Question 4

Two types of dependent forgetting?

Answer 4

Context-dependent

State-dependent

Question 5

What is context-dependent forgetting?

Answer 5

Physical environment acts as a cue

Recalling info in the same env. it was learnt will mean recalling is better

Question 6

What is state-dependent forgetting?

Answer 6

Psychological state affects recall

Recall is aided by being in a similar psychological state during recall as when info was learnt

Question 7

Advantage related to research about context and cues?

Answer 7

Participants recall tested using familiar/unfamiliar rooms and instructors
Recall was better with familiar room and instructor

Question 8

Advantage related to state-dependent research?

Answer 8

Participants who hid money in a warehouse under influence of cannabis were more likely to recall hiding place in similar drugged state

Question 9

Disadvantage?

Answer 9

Cues aren’t always needed

In real life, things are often recalled in a different context/state than learnt, e.g. exams