Lab 1

Question 1

what might be a good reason to study the anatomy of a lamprey

Answer 1

it is a primitive species

Question 2

are members of mammalia descended from amphibia? how would you describe their relationship

Answer 2

they have been evolving for the same amount of time, just split

Question 3

what is the function of the notochord

Answer 3

support and side-side movement

Question 4

how is the brachial basket used by the lamprey? how is it different than the standard vertebrate branchial arches

Answer 4

it is a pharynx that provides support - diff: lies more superficial and lateral to the gills

Question 5

how is the lingual cartilage used?

Answer 5

supports the tongue

Question 6

why not call the toothlike organs teeth

Answer 6

not homologous to teeth of other vertebrate

Question 7

to what do the muscles within a myomere attach

Answer 7

myosepta

Question 8

what about the feeding behavior of lampreys explains why there is no stomach

Answer 8

they suck blood

Question 9

in later derived vertebrates, what cavities does the pleuroperitoneal cavity become

Answer 9

pleural cavities?

Question 10

describe the type of respiration and feeding in lampreys

Answer 10

Lampreys feed upon fish with their suckers and breathe in and out of their branchial gill sacs. Parasitic species of lampreys can be flesh-feeders or blood-feeders, depending primarily on the structure of their teeth.

Question 11

LAMPREY
holds brain and sensory organs; less derived version of skull

Answer 11

chondocranium

Question 12

LAMPREY
supports oral funnel

Answer 12

annular cartilage

Question 13

LAMPREY
supports the rasping tongue

Answer 13

lingual cartilage

Question 14

LAMPREY
supports the pharyngeal region

Answer 14

brachial basket

Question 15

in what ways has the lamprey pharyngeal skeleton differered from that of more recent fish

Answer 15

stucture is a connected network: horizontal connections to adjacent arches (in more derived fishes they are separated_

connection to the pericardial cartilage

brachial basket lies superficially, lateral to the gills and just beneath the skin (in more derived fish its deeper and medial to the gills)

Question 16

what is the alternative explanation for a structure’s simplicity in evolutionary terms? ie. the derived organisms viscera may be more simple than the ancestor

Answer 16

result from moving towards simplification from a more complex animal

ie. parisites may lose stomachs and digestive capability because they no longer need it

Question 17

why do lampreys not have a stomach

Answer 17

don’t need a stomach because they mainly have a liquid diet and do not need to store food`

Question 18

CHONDRICHTHYES
3 pairs of sensory organs

Answer 18

eyeballs, nares, inner ears (otic capsules)

Question 19

prefixes
a.) ant
b.) supra
c.) post
d.) basi

Answer 19

a.) in front of
b.) above
c.) posterior to, behind
d.) at the base

Question 20

LAMPREY
dorsal and caudal fins

Answer 20

external anatomy; on dorsal (back) and tail

Question 21

LAMPREY
nostril

Answer 21

external anatomy/nervous system; dorsal surface on the head (there’s only 1); opens into olfactory sac

Question 22

LAMPREY
pineal gland

Answer 22

external anatomy: posterior to nostril; an envagination of the roof of the diencephalon region of the brain

Question 23

LAMPREY
lateral line system

Answer 23

external anatomy; pores on the head close to the eyes/buccal funnel; pores lead to receptor cells that detect vibrations caused by water currrents

Question 24

LAMPREY
buccal finnel

Answer 24

extermal anatomy; inside the motuh, acts as a sucker in order to latch to prey and eat

Question 25

LAMPREY toothlike organs

Answer 25

external anatomy; on the inner lining of the buccual funnel/sucker; not ture vertebrate teeth because they are ectodermal

Question 26

LAMPREY gill slits

Answer 26

external anatomy; 7 openings used for tidal ventilation when feeding

Question 27

LAMPREY cloacal aperture

Answer 27

external anatomy - on postventral end, area where. urine, fecal matter, and gametes are released

Question 28

LAMPREY urogenital papilla

Answer 28

inside the cloacal apeture; urine and gametes are released through this papilla

Question 29

LAMPREY lingual cartilage

Answer 29

skeletal system - oral skeletal element, supports the rasping of tongue in early feeding stages

Question 30

LAMPREY pericardial cartilage

Answer 30

on posterior of branchial basket - encompasses the heard

Question 31

LAMPREY myomeres

Answer 31

muscular system that runs along either side of the lamprey, have w shaped and produce smooth, alternating contractios on either side

Question 32

LAMPREY myosepta

Answer 32

muscular system that separates the myomeres, acts as connective tissue between the myomeres

Question 33

LAMPREY transverse septum

Answer 33

digestive system - anterior end surrounding the atrium, subdivides coelom

Question 34

LAMPREY tongue

Answer 34

produces the wound to facilitate in feeding

Question 35

LAMPREY oral glands

Answer 35

secretes anti-coagulating agent to keep a seeping wound

Question 36

LAMPREY esophagus

Answer 36

leads straight into the intestine for digestion

Question 37

LAMPREY caudal vein

Answer 37

circulatory system; ventral to the dorsal aorta; carries blood from tail region

Question 38

LAMPREY posterior cardinal vein

Answer 38

circulatory system - either side of dorsal aorta; blood from tail emptied here

Question 39

LAMPREY anterior cardinal vein

Answer 39

drain the anteriodorsal region of the body

Question 40

LAMPREY caudal artery

Answer 40

between the caudal vein and the notochord; circulates blood to posterior body and tail

Question 41

LAMPREY pineal organ

Answer 41

acts as light detection organ

Question 42

LAMPREY hypophyseal sac

Answer 42

facilitates olfaction by moving water in and out of the nostril