Lab 1

Question 1

Frontal Lobe

Answer 1

Voluntary movement, expressive language, higher-level executive functioning

Question 2

Parietal Lobe

Answer 2

Sensory perception, integration (taste, hearing, sight, touch, smell)

Question 3

Occipital Lobe

Answer 3

Visual perception, including color, form, and motion

Question 4

Temporal Lobe

Answer 4

Processing auditory information, some vestibular functions, encoding memory

Question 5

Postcentral Gyrus (Primary Sensory Strip)

Answer 5

Proprioception

Question 6

Precentral Gyrus (Primary Motor Strip)

Answer 6

Controls voluntary movements of the contralateral side

Question 7

Central Sulcus (Rolandic Sulcus)

Answer 7

Function: Boundary between motor and sensory cortices, as well as the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 8

Lateral Sulcus (Sylvian Sulcus)

Answer 8

Function: Separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

Function: Coordinates movements, posture, balance, and equilibrium

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

Function: Unconscious processes like sleep-wake cycle, breathing

Question 11

Medulla

Answer 11

Function: Vital processing such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure

Question 12

Mammillary Bodies

Answer 12

Function: Recollective memory

Question 13

Fusiform Gyrus (Occipitotemporal Gyrus)

Answer 13

Function: High-level vision, facial recognition, object recognition, reading

Question 14

Inferior Olive

Answer 14

Function: Learning and timing of movements, comparing intended and achieved movements

Question 15

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Answer 15

Function: Coordinates signals from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to regulate motor coordination and learning

Question 16

Pyramids & Pyramidal Decussation

Answer 16

Function: Contains motor fibers that pass from the brain to the medulla and spinal cord; crossing of nerve fibers occurs here

Question 17

Spinal Cord

Answer 17

Function: Pathway for messages between the brain and body

Question 18

Cervical Nerves

Answer 18

Function: Muscular and sensory innervation of the upper extremity

Question 19

Midbrain

Answer 19

Function: Vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal, temperature regulation

Question 20

White Matter

Answer 20

Function: Myelinated neurons that conduct, process, and send nerve signals up and down the spinal cord

Question 21

Gray Matter

Answer 21

Function: Unmyelinated neurons that process information, control movement, memory, and emotions

Question 22

Pyramidal Decussation

Answer 22

Function: Crossing of corticospinal tract fibers from one side of the CNS to the other near the junction of the medulla and spinal cord

Question 23

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 23

Function: Allows cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to flow between the third and fourth ventricles

Question 24

Periaqueductal Gray Matter

Answer 24

Function: Pain modulation, sympathetic responses, learning defensive behavior

Question 25

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 25

Function: Sound localization, frequency determination, auditory integration

Question 26

Superior Colliculus

Answer 26

Function: Integration of visual, auditory, and somatosensory information to initiate motor commands

Question 27

Substantia Nigra

Answer 27

Function: Production of dopamine, motor movements, learning, mood regulation

Question 28

Corticospinal Tract (Pyramidal Tract)

Answer 28

Function: Carries movement-related information from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord

Question 29

Gracile Fasciculus

Answer 29

Function: Fine touch, vibrations, and conscious proprioception from the lower body to the brainstem

Question 30

Cuneate Fasciculus

Answer 30

Function: Fine touch, vibrations, and proprioception from the upper body

Question 31

Gracile Nucleus

Answer 31

Function: Sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body

Question 32

Cuneate Nucleus

Answer 32

Function: Carries sensory information from the upper body and upper limbs

Question 33

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium Pontis)

Answer 33

Function: Connects the cerebellum to the pons; largest afferent system of the cerebellum

Question 34

4th Ventricle

Answer 34

Function: Protects the brain from trauma and helps form the central canal; provides cushioning effect

Question 35

Cerebellar Peduncles

Answer 35

Function: Main highway for signals transported from the cortex to other parts of the CNS; responsible for body coordination