Lab 2

Question 1

Internal Carotid Artery

Answer 1

• Anterior circulation of forebrain
• Supplies Cerebrum, Choroid Plexus, Thalamus
• Gives rise to ACA and MCA

Question 2

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

Answer 2

• Branch of vertebral artery
• Medulla and cerebellum

Question 3

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries

Answer 3

• Branch off Basilar Artery
• Supplies Pons and Cerebellum

Question 4

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Answer 4

• Branch off Basilar Artery
• Supplies Midbrain, Thalamus, Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe, Bottom part of the pre and post central gyrus (affecting face), Choroid Plexus

Question 5

Anterior Spinal Artery

Answer 5

Branch off Vertebral arteries
- supplies 2/3 of the spinal cord and medulla

Question 6

Middle Cerebral Artery

Answer 6

• Branch off of Internal Carotid Artery
• Supplies the Temporal lobe, Parietal lobe, some of the frontal lobe, some occipital, internal capsule, caudate nucleus, pre and post central gyrus, Insula

Question 7

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Answer 7

• Branch off the Internal Carotid Artery
• Supplies: Frontal and Parietal lobe, Corpus Callosum, Cingulate Gyrus (emotions/behavior), Visual Pathway, Pre and Post-Central Gyrus

Question 8

Vertebral Arteries

Answer 8

• Come together and form the Basilar
• Occipital, Inferior Temporal lobes, Brainstem, Cerebellar region and spinal cord

Question 9

Basilar Artery

Answer 9

• Formed by the fusion of the Vertebral Arteries
• Posterior circulation of the brain
• Gives rise to AICA, Pontine Arteries, PCA, Superior Cerebellar Artery

Question 10

Anterior Communicating Artery

Answer 10

• Joins the two ACA together

Question 11

Posterior Communicating Artery

Answer 11

• Connects the Posterior Cerebral Artery to the Internal Carotid Artery
• Supplies the Internal Capsule, mammillary Bodies, Optic Chiasm, 3rd Ventricle

Question 12

Pontine Branches off Basilar Artery

Answer 12

• Supplies the Pons

Question 13

Posterior Spinal Arteries

Answer 13

• 2 of them/ Comes off the Vertebral Arteries
• Supply the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord and medulla

Question 14

Term: Confluence (Torcula)

Answer 14

Drains From: Straight sinus, occipital sinus, superior sagittal sinus

Drains To: Transverse sinus → Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular vein

Location: Intersection of tentorium cerebelli and falx cerebri

Question 15

Term: Cavernous Sinus

Answer 15

Drains From: Anterior deep blood supply of brain and face (ophthalmic veins, superficial middle cerebral vein)

Drains To: Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses → Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular veins

Location: Lateral aspect of the body of the sphenoid

Question 16

Term: Superior Petrosal Sinus

Answer 16

Drains From: Cavernous sinus

Drains To: Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular veins

Location: Superior margin of the petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 17

Term: Inferior Petrosal Sinus

Answer 17

Drains From: Cavernous sinus

Drains To: Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular veins

Location: Groove between petrous part of the temporal bone and occipital bone

Question 18

Term: Superior Sagittal Sinus

Answer 18

Drains From: Superficial veins of cortex and adjacent white matter
Drains To: Confluence → Transverse sinus → Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular veins
Location: Superior border of falx cerebri

Question 19

Term: Straight Sinus

Answer 19

Drains From: Great vein of Galen, basal ganglia, diencephalon, white matter via deep cerebral veins

Drains To: Confluence → Transverse sinus → Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular veins

Location: Junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

Question 20

Term: Inferior Sagittal Sinus

Answer 20

Drains From: Deep and medial cerebral veins

Drains To: Great vein of Galen → Straight sinus → Confluence → Transverse sinus → Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular

Location: Inferior margin of falx cerebri

Question 21

Term: Transverse Sinus

Answer 21

Drains From: Confluence

Drains To: Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular veins

Location: Horizontal extensions from the confluence along posterior and lateral attachments of tentorium cerebelli

Question 22

Term: Sigmoid Sinus

Answer 22

Drains From: Transverse sinus

Drains To: Internal jugular veins

Location: Continuation of transverse sinus to internal jugular vein; groove of parietal, temporal, and occipital bones

Question 23

Term: Quadrigeminal Cistern

Answer 23

Function: Superior cistern or cistern of the great cerebral vein (great vein of Galen) filled with CSF

Question 24

Term: Great Vein of Galen

Answer 24

Drains From: Inferior sagittal sinus (internal cerebral veins)

Drains To: Straight sinus → Confluence → Transverse sinus → Sigmoid sinus → Internal jugular veins

Location: Situated in the quadrigeminal cistern

Additional Function: Begins CSF drainage from choroid plexus in lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, corpus callosum, midbrain, parahippocampal gyrus

Question 25

Q: What are the effects of a blood clot in the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)?

Answer 25

A: Hemiplegia/hemisensory loss in the contralateral lower extremity & personality changes.

Question 26

Q: What are the effects of a blood clot in the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)?

Answer 26

- Hemiplegia/hemisensory loss in the contralateral upper extremity, trunk, & face. - Left MCA Stroke: Language problems (aphasia). - Right MCA Stroke: Difficulty understanding spatial relationships, hemi-neglect, and nonverbal communication.

Question 27

Q: What are the effects of a blood clot in the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)?

Answer 27

• Declarative memory issues. • Pain, contralateral hemiparesis/hemisensory loss. • Eye movement abnormalities. • Cortical blindness.

Question 28

Q: What are the effects of a blood clot in the Vertebral Artery?

Answer 28

• Head and neck pain. • Oculomotor abnormalities. • Death. • Abnormal levels of consciousness. • Ataxia, weakness, numbness, dizziness, headache, and vomiting.

Question 29

Q: What are the effects of a blood clot in the Anterior Spinal Artery?

Answer 29

• Paralysis or quadriplegia (bilateral). • Autonomic dysfunction. • Loss of pain and temperature sensation.

Question 30

Q: What are the effects of a blood clot in the Basilar Artery?

Answer 30

• Death. • Tetraplegia. • Numbness. • Loss of consciousness. • Cranial nerve damage. • Locked-in Syndrome (complete paralysis except for eye movements).