Lab 1: Fetal Pig

Question 1

What is the epitrichium?

Answer 1

Layer of embryonic skin that should be visibly peeling. Lost as hair develops.

Question 2

How do you determine whether the fetal pig is male or female?

Answer 2

Females - external urogenital opening is ventral to the anus
Males - the external urogenital opening is very small hole posterior to umbilical cord (penis lies under skin), two scrotal sacs are below and ventral to anus.

Question 3

Why is the fetal pig a good specimen for dissections?

Answer 3

basic anatomy for adult mammals and certain features of fetal body

Question 4

How do you determine the age of the fetus?

Answer 4

Measure from head to rump (not tail) and compare to chart…

Question 5

What is the small intestine divided into?

Answer 5

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 6

What can you tell me about the duodenum?

Answer 6

duodenum connects to pancreas through pancreatic duct

Question 7

What can you tell me about the jejunum?

Answer 7

Middle part of small intestine, between duodenum and ileum.

Question 8

What can you tell me about the ileum?

Answer 8

ileum connects to large intestine, opens to side of colon, forms a blind pouch (cecum)

Question 9

What is the cecum?

Answer 9

Blind pouch formed by ileum.

Question 10

What is the External acoustic (auditory) meatus?

Answer 10

Opening of the ear

Question 11

What are the external nares?

Answer 11

Nostrils

Question 12

What is mammary papillae?

Answer 12

teats, double rows formed by nips which are present in both sexes.

Question 13

What is the spiral colon?

Answer 13

first part of large intestine

Question 14

How is the trunk divided?

Answer 14

Divided into anterior thorax and posterior abdomen.

Question 15

Which three vessels make up the umbilical cord?

Answer 15

1 umbilical vein + 2 umb arteries.

Question 16

What do the two lateral pleural cavities contain?

Answer 16

The lungs!

Question 17

What is the root of the lungs and what is it formed by?

Answer 17

It attaches the lungs to the other structures in the thoracic cavity and is formed by bronchus, pulmonary artery/vein, bronchial artery/veins, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and bronchial lymph nodes.

Question 18

How is the lung branched? (Beginning with… ending with…)

Answer 18

Trachea - bronchus/bronchi - bronchioles - alveolar sacs

Question 19

What surrounds the heart? Not the lungs but the…

Answer 19

Pericardium

Question 20

Which direction is the apex of the heart pointing towards?

Answer 20

The left. (The left ventricle forms the apex).

Question 21

What are the auricles?

Answer 21

Two ear-like appendages on the ventral surface of the atria.

Question 22

Which blood vessels drain into the right atrium?

Answer 22

The superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 23

Which blood vessel arises from the left ventricle?

Answer 23

The dorsal aorta.

Question 24

What are the first branches of the dorsal aorta?

Answer 24

The coronary arteries.

Question 25

What is the hepatic vein?

Answer 25

Drains blood from liver to posterior vena cava. (In fetus, umbilical vein passes through liver and connects with one of the larger hepatic veins.)

Question 26

What is the spleen and is it part of the circulatory system?

Answer 26

Long dark organ to left of stomach, attached by specialized fold in peritoneum. And yes it is.

Question 27

What is the dura matter?

Answer 27

Tough white membrane under the skull, covers the pia matter.

Question 28

What is the pia matter?

Answer 28

Thinner, more fragile than dura matter, which covers it.

Question 29

What separates the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 29

Longitudinal groove.

Question 30

What is the hilum? (urinary system)

Answer 30

Opening on medial border of each kidney to bladder.

Question 31

Which blood vessels lie laterally to the bladder?

Answer 31

Umbilical arteries.

Question 32

What does the urethra and the vagina unite to form?

Answer 32

The urogenital sinus, which is a common passage and opens to the outside.

Question 33

What is located on the external surface at the opening of the urogenital sinus?

Answer 33

The external genital papilla.

Question 34

What are the labia?

Answer 34

Folds that are lateral boundaries of urogenital sinus, unites ventrally to form genital papilla.

Question 35

What is the main functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 35

Exchange nutrients and gases in capillary beds of each organ.

Question 36

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 36

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of bloodstream and lungs.

Question 37

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Answer 37

Obtain nutrients by breaking down food and excreting fecal matter.

Question 38

What is the main function of the urinary system?

Answer 38

Excreting nitrogenous wastes by producing urine.

Question 39

What is the main function of the reproductive system?

Answer 39

Producing offspring, passing on genes, hormone production.

Question 40

What is the main function of the nervous system?

Answer 40

Thinking, learning, sensing, motor output, memory, involuntary visceral functions, etc.

Question 41

Arteries vs. Veins?

Answer 41

Arteries - AWAY from heart. Veins - TOWARDS heart.

Question 42

Which two structures are the underdogs of the digestive system?

Answer 42

Liver and pancreas.

Question 43

What are the functions of the ovaries/testes?

Answer 43

Producing germ cells and hormones! HORMONES!

Question 44

What is a dissection?

Answer 44

When incisions are made into an organism that is no longer alive to examine the internal anatomy.

Question 45

What is a vivisection?

Answer 45

Performing an operation or dissection on a living organism.

Question 46

What is the average weight of a newborn cow, pig, human, elephant?

Answer 46

Cow - 27- 40kg depending on breed, Pig - 1.32kg, Human - 3.2kg, Elephant - 72 - 113kg