Lab 10 Pre-lab SLM: An Introduction to the Abdomen

Question 1

limits of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

superior: inferior thoracic aperture
inferior: pelvic inlet
separated from thoracic cavity by the thoracic diaphragm
is continuous with the pelvic cavity inferiorly and so are often grouped together as the abdominopelvic cavity or the peritoneal cavity

Question 2

blood supply of digestive tract

Answer 2

each division receives blood supply from one of three unpaired, visceral branches of the abdominal aorta
each arise from the aorta in the posterior body wall (i.e. retroperitoneally); in order to gain access to intraperitoneal organs they must pass through mesenteries or ligament

Question 3

foregut blood supply

Answer 3

celiac trunk of abdominal aorta

Question 4

midgut blood supply

Answer 4

superior mesenteric artery of the abdominal aorta

Question 5

hindgut blood supply

Answer 5

inferior mesenteric artery of the abdominal aorta

Question 6

foregut components

Answer 6

stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, and proximal duodenum and pancreas

Question 7

midgut components

Answer 7

distal pancreas and duodenum, remainder of the small intestine, ascending colon, and initial portion of the transverse colon

Question 8

hindgut components

Answer 8

remainder of the transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, and the rectum

Question 9

GI tract mesenteries

Answer 9

GI tract is attached to posterior abdominal wall along its entire length by the dorsal mesentery
only the foregut is attached to the anterior body wall by the ventral mesentery

Question 10

peritoneal fluid

Answer 10

serous fluid secreted by peritoneum

acts as a lubricant, permitting friction-free movement of the contained organs, limited by their mesenteries

Question 11

secondary peritoneal

Answer 11

the GI tract begins in an intraperitoneal position
during development, some portions of the GI tract migrate to the posterior body wall
these portions become fused to the posterior body wall, thus becoming secondarily retroperitoneal
the unpaired neuromuscular structures supplying them also become secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 12

liver and gallbladder develop in the

Answer 12

ventral mesentery

Question 13

spleen develops in the

Answer 13

dorsal mesentery

Question 14

pancreas develops in the

Answer 14

from two buds, one in each mesentery

Question 15

lesser sac is aka

Answer 15

omental bursa

Question 16

opening between the greater and lesser sacs

Answer 16

omental or epiploic foramen

Question 17

left lateral border of the lesser sac

Answer 17

spleen, gastrosplenic ligament, and gastrorenal ligament

Question 18

liver attachments

Answer 18

ventral body wall via falciform ligament

stomach via lesser omentum

Question 19

spleen attachments

Answer 19

posterior body wall via splenorenal ligament (part of dorsal mesentery)
greater curvature of stomach via gastrosplenic ligament

Question 20

blood supply to spleen

Answer 20

splenic artery (brach of celiac artery) via the splenorenal ligament

Question 21

development of the greater omentum

Answer 21

the greater momentum extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the posterior body wall (developing from the dorsal mesentery)
as it enlarges and extends over the transverse colon, there is initially an extension of the lesser sac between its layers
eventually the two layers of the greater omentum fuse, obliterating this temporary extension of the lesser sac between its layers
the lesser sac persists posterior to the stomach and liver

Question 22

parietal peritoneum innervation

Answer 22

supplied with sensory fibres by the somatic sensory nerves of the body wall
pain with irritation is somatic in nature: sharp and well-localized

Question 23

visceral peritoneum innervation

Answer 23

supply with sensory fibres by the autonomic NS

pain with irritation is colicky and poorly localized