lab 11

Question 1

How does a hydra eat?

Answer 1

By shooting a nematocyst from its tentacles that stings the prey and paralyzes it. The tentacle bring the food to its mouth located at the top of the hydra. As the food is eaten it enters the gastrovascular cavity which is located in the body column

Question 2

Two disadvantages of having a single opening to the digestive cavity?

Answer 2

1. It is not efficient because they have to wait to eat again
2. Food and wastes are mixed together

Question 3

Mouth

Answer 3

Anterior opening for food intake

Question 4

Pharynx

Answer 4

Muscular tube that produces suction to bring in dirt

Question 5

Esophagus

Answer 5

Propels food from the pharynx to the crop

Question 6

Crop

Answer 6

Storage sac for food and softens it

Question 7

Gizzard

Answer 7

Used for mechanical digestion, grinding food into smaller pieces

Question 8

Intestine

Answer 8

Secretes enzymes for chemical digestion, also necessary for absorption of nutrients into blood

Question 9

Anus

Answer 9

Releases digestive system wastes

Question 10

How does an earthworm eliminate its nitrogenous wastes?

Answer 10

The nephridia are organs that filter out the nitrogenous waste from the blood and then gets rid of it in the the form of urine to “tiny” pores in the skin

Question 11

What type of urine do earthworms produce?

Answer 11

Dilute and hypotonic

Question 12

Why is it necessary for earthworms that live in a moist environment to excrete dilute urine

Answer 12

They tend to make alot of ammonia which is toxic to the body so it results in the rapid removal of highly toxic ammonia

Question 13

What tube-like structures produce urine in the mammalian kidney?

Answer 13

Nephrons

Question 14

What is the function of the Interstitial Cells?

Answer 14

To produce testosterone

Question 15

Zygote

Answer 15

Name for a fertilized egg

Question 16

Morula

Answer 16

Solid ball of cells

Question 17

Blastula

Answer 17

Hollow ball of cells

Question 18

Gastrulation

Answer 18

Stage in which primary germ layers develop

Question 19

Gastrula

Answer 19

Stage characterized by an inward folding to form a digestive cavity

Question 20

Difference between an unfertilized egg and a fertilized egg

Answer 20

The fertilized egg has a membrane around it created by the sperm

Question 21

How does the position of the rats eyes on its head compare to the position of your eyes?

Answer 21

The rat has eyes the bulge from the head, whereas we do not

Question 21

How does the position of the rats eyes on its head compare to the position of your eyes?

Answer 21

The rat has eyes the bulge from the head, whereas we do not

Question 22

What is the advantage to the rat of having eyes that bulge from the head and large pupils?

Answer 22

They can see in the dark and can also see more of its surroundings

Question 23

Example of a digitigrade animal

Answer 23

Dog

Question 24

Are humans digitigrade or plantigrade animals?

Answer 24

Plantigrade

Question 25

Incisor

Answer 25

Cut/bite food

Question 26

Molars

Answer 26

Grind food

Question 27

The Pharynx is a component of which two body systems?

Answer 27

The respiratory and digestive system

Question 28

Function of the diaphragm

Answer 28

The main muscle used for breathing

Question 29

What tissue makes up the bulk of the heart

Answer 29

Cardiac tissue

Question 30

Why does the trachea have rings around it?

Answer 30

To prevent it from collapsing, keeping it open for air to flow in and out

Question 31

What is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 31

Carries food, liquids and saliva from the mouth to the stomach

Question 32

Function of the stomach

Answer 32

Stores the food and adds gastric juices such as hydrochloric acid and pepsin enzymes

Question 33

Function of the small intestine

Answer 33

Where most of digestion and absorption takes place. It is 20 feet long but small in diameter. Structures called the villi absorb nutrients and minerals from the food

Question 34

Function of the large intestine

Answer 34

Absorbs water and makes feces

Question 35

Why is the small intestine so long

Answer 35

It is where most of digestion happens and it increases the surface area for absorption

Question 36

What substance secreted by the liver and what is its function

Answer 36

Bile is secreted and it breaks fat down into small pieces and aids in fat absorption

Question 37

Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland

Answer 37

It is both

Question 38

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 38

It's secretes hormones, insulin and glycogen, to control blood sugar levels throughout the day

Question 39

What is that exocrine function of the pancreas?

Answer 39

It excretes enzymes to break down macromolecules into food

Question 40

Exocrine glands

Answer 40

Secretes enzymes which is poured directly at the site of action and controls short-term activity

Question 41

Endocrine gland

Answer 41

It pours secretion directly into the blood, secretes hormones, and controls long term activity