lab 11 practice test Flashcards
1
Q
aphasia is loss of the ability to
A
speak
2
Q
basal ganglia are located in the ___ and ___
A
deep regions of the cerebral hemispheres; aid in control of motor activities
3
Q
the primary motor areas of the brain are in the
A
precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe
4
Q
nerve tracts other than the corticospinal tracts that transmit impulses into the spinal cord are called extrapyramidal tracts
A
true
5
Q
reflexes help to control
A
all of the above
6
Q
which of the following is not a part of the diencephalon
A
anterior pituitary gland
7
Q
the brain has about one hundred million neurons
A
false
8
Q
the arbor vitae is in the cerebrum
A
false
9
Q
the function of the cerebral association areas is
A
all of the above
10
Q
which lobe of your brain are you using when you answer this question
A
frontal
11
Q
the ___ system of the brain causes feelings about experiences
A
limbic
12
Q
the simplest level of CNS function is the
A
spinal reflex
13
Q
nerve fibers of the ___ division of the autonomic nervous system arise from the brainstem and the sacral region of the spinal cord
A
parasympathetic
14
Q
the neurotransmitter that is depleted in parkinson disease is
A
dopamine
15
Q
spinal shock is a permanent loss of some of the cord’s functions
A
false
16
Q
a spinal nerve passing through the intervertebral foramen is
A
associated with the vertebra above
17
Q
the human body secretes about ___ milliliters of cerebrospinal fluid daily
A
500
18
Q
sympathetic tone is continuous stimulation of smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels, which results in partial constriction
A
true
19
Q
all reflexes have
A
a reflex arc
20
Q
over a lifetime, the brain shrinks by about ___ percent
A
10
21
Q
the part of the brain that assigns value to a memory is the
A
amygdala
22
Q
most cerebrospinal fluid is secreted from the choroid plexuses in the
A
lateral ventricles
23
Q
the dura mater is the outermost layer of the meninges
A
true
24
Q
the basal nuclei include the
A
putamen
25
which of the following terms and definitions is correct
cerebral cortex - a thin layer of gray matter forming the outermost part of the cerebrum
26
the ___ plexuses of the spinal nerves are between the neck and the axillae
brachial
27
if the right lateral spinothalamic tract is severed
pain impulses from the left side are blocked
28
the central nervous system (CNS) consists of
the brain and spinal cord
29
injury to the visual cortex of the right occipital lobe can cause
partial blindness in both eyes
30
the phrenic nerves arise from the
cervical plexuses
31
a person in a persistent vegetative state
can move, but seems unaware of self
32
the part of the brain that degenerates in parkinson disease is
the neurons that reach from the striatum to the basal ganglia
33
the part of the brainstem that includes the cardiac and vasomotor centers is the ____ ______
medulla oblongata
34
stephanie is in a car accident, flung from her vehicle and landing on her back on pavement. at the scene, an emergency medical technician checks her babinski reflex, in which the great toe extends upward and the smaller toes fan apart. this reflex
may indicate an injury to the corticospinal tract
35
the ____ are membranes between the CNS and its bony coverings
meninges
36
the part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscular movements is the
cerebellum
37
which of the following is a major portion of the diencephalon
thalamus
38
the meninges consist of
the pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater
39
the ____ division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for energy-expending, stressful situations
sympathetic
40
brain waves during sleep are ___ waves
delta
41
spinal nerve injury may result from
fracture of vertebrae, dislocations, or birth injuries
42
which of the following are generally adrenergic fibers
sympathetic postganglionic fibers
43
the brain waves most closely associated with mental activity are
beta waves
44
the fourth ventricle is in the
brainstem
45
the subarachnoid space within the meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid
true
46
melinda has parkinson disease. her movements are slowing and she has difficulty initiating voluntary muscular actions. the region that is affected in her brain is the
basal ganglia
47
over the course of several months. morris has experienced difficulty speaking coherently, clumsiness, muscle fasciculations, and increasing weakness in his limbs. these symptoms are most consistent with those of
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
48
the part of the brain that is overactive in post traumatic stress disorder is the
amygdala
49
a newborn has a CT scan of the brain to identify a cause of seizures. The scan showed no convolutions (gyri) of the cerebral cortex. she has
lissencephaly
50
cerebrospinal fluid is
clear and watery
51
if the area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged
motor control of the muscles associated with speech is lost
52
the gray commisure of the spinal cord surrounds the central canal
true
53
if the reticular formation is injured, the person might exhibit signs of
unconsciousness, or coma
54
aging of the brain begins
before birth
55
gray matter of the spinal cord is mostly composed of
interneurons
56
the neurotransmitter ____ combines mainly with alpha receptors
norepinephrine
57
if the left corticospinal tract is severed in the neck near the first cervical vertebra
muscles in the left arm and leg are paralyzed
58
the somatic nervous system consists of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the ___, whereas the autonomic nervous system consists of fibers that connect the ____
skin and skeletal muscles; CNS to the visceral organs
59
interruption of blood flow to the brain that can damage the cerebrum is called a
cerebrovascular accident
60
which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence
receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
61
cerebrospinal fluid
all of the above
62
by age ___, the frontal cortex has lost half its neurons
90
63
in a subdural hematoma resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the
dura mater and arachnoid mater
64
spina bifida is a(n)
all of the above
65
the expected response to the triceps-jerk reflex is
extension of the forearm
66
when the flexor muscles of one arm contract in a withdrawal reflex, the extensor muscles of the other arm contract. this phenomenon is called
crossed extensor reflex
67
the choroid plexuses project into the ventricles
true
68
which of the following are descending tracts in the spinal cord
rubrospinal
69
which of the following parts of the mature brain develops from the forebrain
thalamus
70
which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus
control of postural reflexes
71
brain waves are recordings of activity in the
cerebral cortex
72
a lumbar puncture is
a test of the pressure that the cerebrospinal fluid is under
73
a traumatic brain injury results from
mechanical force
74
cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ___ and it ____
choroid plexuses in the ventricles; protects the brain from blows to the skull
75
the interconnected, fluid-filled cavities in the brain are called
ventricles
76
the consequence of sensory nerve fibers crossing over is that the
right hemisphere of the cerebrum receives sensory impulses originating on the left side of the body and vice versa
77
the ___ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
transverse fissure
78
the outermost layer of the meninges is the ____ ____
dura mater
79
the spinothalamic tract conducts impulses
up the spinal cord to the thalamus
80
the area of skin supplied by sensory nerve fibers from a particular dorsal root is called a
dermatome
81
the complex network of tiny islands of gray matter in the brain that filters incoming sensory impulses is the
reticular formation
82
if fibers in the ascending tract of the cord are cut, the affected person will have a loss of motor functions below the injury
false
83
if the general interpretative area of the dominant hemisphere is damaged in a child, the
corresponding region on the opposite side of the brain may take over the interpretative functions
84
the epidural space contains
loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue
85
an inflammation of the meninges called meningitis usually affects the
arachnoid mater and pia mater
86
brain damage to the temporal lobe, where recent memory is processed, can impair long-term memory
true
87
the ____ root of a spinal nerve consists entirely of motor neuron axons
ventral (anterior)
88
autonomic ganglia provide a degree of independence from the CNS by integrating motor impulses before they are relayed to visceral organs
true
89
dopamine is secreted by the ___ and is deficient in ____ disease
substantia nigra; parkinson
90
the corticospinal tracts control
voluntary muscle movements
91
the babinski reflex is
an abnormal dorsiflexion of the great toe up, with fanning of the smaller toes, that indicates damage to a reflex arc
92
in spastic paralysis
muscle tone increases and the muscles do not atrophy
93
the drug atropine influences the autonomic nervous system by
blocking the action of acetylcholine
94
the epineurium is composed of nervous tissue
false
95
spinal nerves are grouped and named according to function
false
96
the spinal cord has
all of the above
97
