Lab 12

Question 1

A general term for the ridges on the surface of the brain is ______________________________
and a general term for the shallow grooves on the surface of the brain is _________________

Answer 1

convolutions or gyri, sulci

Question 2

The region of brainstem responsible for regulating respiratory rate and depth is the _________

Answer 2

pons

Question 3

The spinal accessory nerve exits the skull through the ______________________________

Answer 3

jugular foramen

Question 4

The _________________________________, a mass of tissue posterior to the brain stem, is
responsible for integrating sensory information concerning body position and coordination of
muscle activities. The white matter of this region is called the ______________________

Answer 4

cerbellum, arbor vitae

Question 5

A prominent depression called the _______________________ sulcus separates the frontal and
parietal lobes of the brain while another prominent depression called the ___________________
sulcus separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes.

Answer 5

central, lateral

Question 6

The lobe of cerebrum responsible for vision and association areas involved with imaging is the
_____________________________ lobe.

Answer 6

occipital

Question 7

The ______________________________________ connects the hemispheres of brain and
allows neural signals to be transmitted from one hemisphere to the other.

Answer 7

corpus callosum

Question 8

The _________________________ branch of the ____________________________ nerve
controls the masseter and temporalis muscles, both of which elevate the mandible

Answer 8

mandibular, trigenminal

Question 9

The thalamus, hypothalamus, optic tract, and pineal gland are all located in a region of the brain
known as the ________________________________

Answer 9

diencephalon

Question 10

The _____________________________ fissure separates the hemispheres of the brain. The
__________________________________ of the meninges fold into this fissure, partitioning the
cerebrum into left and right hemispheres

Answer 10

longitudinal, falx cerebri

Question 11

The lobe of the cerebrum that contains the primary motor areas and association areas involved in
higher thought processing (concentration, problem solving) is the ____________________ lobe.

Answer 11

frontal

Question 12

The _________________________________ is the part of the diencephalon that plays a
particularly important in the maintenance of homeostasis by controlling, among other things,
body temperature and the secretion of many hormones.

Answer 12

hypothalamus

Question 13

The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) exits the skull through the ________________________

Answer 13

stylomastoid foramen

Question 14

The __________________________ lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for the sensations of
touch and temperature and contains association areas involved with speech and language

Answer 14

parietal

Question 15

The region of brainstem that contains reflex centers that help to maintain posture is the
________________________________

Answer 15

midbrain

Question 16

The __________________________________ is attached to the diencephalon by means of the
infundibulum. This gland secretes hormones that are involved in such things as growth, milk
production, control of thyroid function, and reproduction.

Answer 16

pituitary gland

Question 17

The _____________________________ fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
The __________________________________ of the meninges fold into this fissure, forming a
partition between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.

Answer 17

transverse, tentorium cerebelli

Question 18

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve exits the skull through the _________________
___________, enters the mandible through the _____________________ foramen on the medial
side of the ramus and, then exits the mandible through the _______________________ foramen

Answer 18

foramen ovale, mandibular, mental

Question 19

The lobe of the cerebrum responsible for hearing and contains association areas involved with the
interpretation of sensory information is the ______________________ lobe.

Answer 19

temporal

Question 20

The region of the brainstem that contains the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory control centers
is the ______________________________________

Answer 20

medulla oblongata

Question 21

The _____________________________ serves as a relay station for ascending neural impulses.

Answer 21

thalamus

Question 22

The ___________________________ nerve controls all muscles of facial expression

Answer 22

facial

Question 23

If a person suffers a spinal cord injury at the C6 level, that person will still be able to have some
movement of his shoulders because the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and serratus anterior
muscles are all controlled by the ________________ (cranial nerve XI). This
nerve exits the skull through the ______________

Answer 23

spinal accessory nerve, jugular foramen

Question 24

The partition formed by meninges that separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum is called the
_____________________________

Answer 24

falx cerebelli

Question 25

What type of neural fibers would be found in the dorsal root?

Answer 25

sensory

Question 26

What type of neural fibers would be found in the ventral root?

Answer 26

motor

Question 27

What type of neurons would be found in the gray matter?

Answer 27

interneurons

Question 28

Where are the major ascending and descending neural tracts located?

Answer 28

white matter

Question 29

List the five major components of a reflex arc in order.

Answer 29

Receptor, sensory (afferent) neuron, central nervous system, motor (efferent) neuron, effector (muscle or gland)

Question 30

Distinguish between a reflex and a reflex arc.

Answer 30

A reflex is an autonomic behavior; a reflex arc is a physical structure that, when stimulated, leads to the behavior

Question 31

The patellar reflex is an example of a monosynaptic spinal reflex. Explain.

Answer 31

There is no interneuron. The sensory neuron communicates directly with the motor neuron.

Question 32

Which muscle group is involved in the patellar tendon reflex?

Answer 32

quadriceps

Question 33

Which muscles are involved in the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon reflex?

Answer 33

Gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 34

Is the subject’s reflex time different for the two reflexes? If so, why does this difference exist?

Answer 34

Reflex arc is longer for calcaneal tendon reflex than for patellar tendon reflex.

Question 35

Does the subject’s reflex time change with different stimulus strengths? Why does it or doesn’t it

Answer 35

No. Once threshold is achieved the neural activities (action potential propagation, synaptic transmission) proceed at the same rate.

Question 36

A college wrestler is most successful in the middleweight class, but he’s afraid he won’t make weight for the next meet. His coach suggested that he take some diuretics just before the weigh in for the next meet. The wrestler performed poorly in the meet as he felt very weak and experienced some respiratory difficulty. The team physician noted the wrestler had a very slow patellar tendon reflex. The physician ordered a blood test, which showed low levels of potassium. Explain how this relates to the wrestler’s symptoms.

Answer 36

Low potassium would increase potassium leak, so neurons lose positive charge and hyperpolarize. They are now farther from threshold and a larger stimulus is required to reach threshold.