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Lab Exam 4 > Lab 12 > Flashcards

Lab 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum Echinodermata includes what 5 things

A 
Crinoidea
Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
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2
Q

Phylum Chordata include what three things

A

Urochordata
Cephalochordata
vertebrata

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3
Q

The remaining three animal phyla we will study in this semester are

A

deuterostomes

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4
Q

Echinoderms have an internal skeleton of calcareous plates called _____ which of ten contains the spines thhat protrude through a thin layer of epidermis

A

ossicles

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5
Q

Juvenile echinoderms are ____ symmetric whereas the adults are ____ symmetric

A

bilaterally

pentaradially

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6
Q

The appendages and organs occur in groups or multiples of five

A

Pentaradial symmetry

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7
Q

The water vascular system of echinoderms consists of water-filled canals with hollow projections form the body wall called ____ which serve as gills for gas exchange, feeding, or locomotion

A

tube feet

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8
Q

The nervous system of echinoderms consists of a ______ and a ____ that extends along each arm

A

Circumoral nerve ring

radial nerve

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9
Q

Includes sea lilies and feather stars, represent the most ancient group of echinoderms

A

Class Crinoidea

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10
Q

The arms of class crinoidea radiate from the perimeter of the _____ in most species the five arms bifurcate near their bases to create a total of ten arms

A

central disc (crown)

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11
Q

In class crinoidea each arm bears a bilateral series of jointed appendages called ____ which give the arms their feathery appearance

A

pinnules

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12
Q

IN sea lilies (class crinoidea) a long ___ attaches the animal to the substratum.

A

stalk

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13
Q

During periods of inactivity, feather stars (class crinoidea) cling to the bottom by means of grasping ____

A

cirri

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14
Q

Includes sea stars

A

Class Asteroidea

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15
Q

The bodies of class Asteroidea consist of a ____ from which the hollow arms project

A

central disc

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16
Q

The mouth of class Asteroidea is located centrally on the underside of the disc called the ____

A

oral surface

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17
Q

The upper surface of class Asteroidea is called the ____ surface

A

aboral

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18
Q

On the aboral surface of class Asteroidea is where the ___ is located as well as the button-shaped ___

A

anus

madreporite

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19
Q

Serves as the link between the water vascular system and surrounding sea water of sea stars

A

madreporite

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20
Q

In class Asteroidea a wide furrow or _____ extends radially from the mouth along each arm

A

ambulacral groove

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21
Q

The water vascular system of sea stars does what three things

A

Transports wastes/food
Movement
Respiration

22
Q

What is the flow of water through a sea star

A 
Madreporite 
Stone Canals 
Ring canal 
Radial canal 
tube feet
23
Q

In class Asteroidea the body is covered with a thin epidermis through which calcareous spines protrude. At the base of each spine is a raised ring bearing pincer-like ____ which prevent encrusting parasite from growing on the sea stars

A

pedicellariae

24
Q

In sea stars (class asteroidea) when an ampulla contracts the ___ is extended via hydrostatic pressure

A

tube foot

25
Q

Includes brittle stars

A

Class Ophiuroidea

26
Q

Agile, energetic, and respond to stimuli quickly. Their arms are more flexible and detach easily as a defensive mechanism

A

Brittle Stars– Class Ophiuroidea

27
Q

Includes sea urchins and sand dollars

A

Class Echinoidea

28
Q

The body of echinoids is enclosed within a shell or ___ of interlocking dermal plates that render the animal inflexible

A

test

29
Q

In urchins (class Echinoidea) long moveable ___ cover the test and protect the animal

A

spines

30
Q

Each spine of an urchin is attached via a

A

ball and socket joint

31
Q

Locomotion of urchins is achieved via the

A

tube feet

32
Q

Sea urchins and sand dollars (class Echinoidea) have a highly developed jaw apparatus called ____ that includes five pointy “teeth”

A

Aristotle’s Lantern

33
Q

Includes sea cucumbers, the only echinoderms with bilateral symmetry

A

Class Holothuroidea

34
Q

The ventral surface of class Holothuroidea ;generally has three rows of ____

A

ambulacra

35
Q

The mouth of the sea cucumber (class holothuroidea) is surrounded by _____

A

buccal podia (tentacles)

36
Q

Respiration of the sea cucumber is accomplished by a ____ attached to the cloaca. Water is pumped in and out to allow gas exchange across the the thin walls.

A

respiratory tree

37
Q

Defense mechanisms of sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea)

A

Many contain toxic chemicals

Direct their anus at predators and eject their toxic tubules

38
Q

Four features of all chordates

A
  1. Notochord
  2. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
  3. Pharyngeal gill slit
  4. Post-anal tail
39
Q

Urochordata and Cephalochordata lack a ____

A

vertebral column

40
Q

Includes tunicates or sea squirts

A

Subphylum Urochordata

41
Q

Tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) possess all features of chordates, the adult form is modified into a sieve-like basket surrounded by a cellulose sac called a

A

tunic

42
Q

In tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) water enters through a ___ siphon and exits through a ___ siphon

A

incurrent

excurrent

43
Q

In tunicates (subphylum Urochordata) the water current is generated by cilia which line the ___. As the water passes through the ____ minute particles of food are filtered out and passed by cilia to the stomach

A

pharynx

pharyngeal gills slits

44
Q

Include lancelets

A

Subphylum Cephalochordata

45
Q

Lack fins and bones, have a poorly developed head, and possess only basic organ systems

A

lancelets

46
Q

Lancelets (subphylum Cephalochordata) burrow in sediments and expose their tentacles called ____. Excess water exits through an opening called a ____

A

cirri

atriopore

47
Q

Four features of subphylum vertebrata

A
  1. Cranium
  2. Cephalization
  3. Endoskeleton
  4. Adaptations to the circulatory and respiratory systems
48
Q

Thought to be descendents of the earliest known vertebrates. Unique morphology. Eel-like design, jawless mouth, pore like gill slits, lack of paired fins. Cartilagenous skeleton, diphycercal caudal fin, large eyes, one nostril, seven gills on each side.

A

Lampreys

Class Cephalospidomorphi

49
Q

Live in the sea then ascend freshwater rivers and streams to spawn

A

anadromous

50
Q

The eggs of the sea lamprey hatch into larvae known as ___ which share an uncanny resemblance to the lancelet

A

ammocoetes

51
Q

Distinguishing feature between lancelets and ammocoete

A

Ammocoete has 7 gill pouches

Lancelets have many gill slits

Lab Exam 4 (3 decks)

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