Lab 2 Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
Which fluke is the largest?
A
F. hepatica (2-3 cm)
2
Q
What is the family of the Fascicola?
A
Trematodes
3
Q
What is the host spectrum of Fasciola hepatica?
A
Wide, mostly herbivorous mammals and humans
4
Q
What are the steps of the lifecycle of F. hepatica?
A
MI - SPO - RE1 - RE2 - CE (Miracidium, Sporocysts, Redia and Cercaria)
5
Q
The lifecycle of F. hepatica in Lymnea peregra snail?
A
None is right, F. hepatica cannot develop in Lymnea peregra snail
6
Q
How is the lifecycle of F. hepatica ?
A
indirect
7
Q
How big is Fasciola hepatica?
A
2-3 cm
8
Q
How is the shape of the Fasciola hepatica?
A
Leaf-like
9
Q
What is another name for Fasciola hepatica?
A
Common liver fluke
10
Q
What kind of method is used to detect Fasciola hepatica egg?
A
Sedimentation method or flotation
11
Q
Where can you find the adult form of Fasciola hepatica?
A
In the bile duct and gallbladder
12
Q
Where can you find the juvenile form of Fasciola hepatica?
A
Penetrates the intestine and migrates to the liver via abdominal cavity
13
Q
What is the primarily intermediate host of F. hepatica?
A
Galba truncatula (snail)
14
Q
After the death of F. hepatica flukes what can be found?
A
Fibrotic tracts or necrotic areas in liver
15
Q
What are special about the diagnosis of acute Fasciolosis?
A
There are no eggs in the faeces
16
Q
How can you treat the Fasciolosis?
A
Treat with Triclabendazol (only fluicide which shows 90-100% efficacy against both early
immature and mature Fasciola spp.)
17
Q
What is the main source of heavy fasciolosis?
A
Secondary biotopes
18
Q
What is the size of the eggs of F. hepatica?
A
120-150 μm
19
Q
Which color of the eggs does Fasciola hepatica have?
A
Golden yellow
20
Q
What does the Fasciola hepatica eggs contain?
A
Zygote
21
Q
What surrounds the egg of the F. hepatica?
A
Granulated yolk
22
Q
Zygote containing egg of F. hepatica develops into?
A
Ciliated larva (miracidium) in water usually within 2 weeks
23
Q
F. hepatica: in the body of snail the first larva turns into?
A
Bladder-like sporocyst
24
Q
What happens in the cavity of the sporocyst of F. hepatica?
A
Third larval form develops by asexual budding (paedogenesis)
25
In which stage does the F. hepatica shed their tail?
Cercariae
26
How long takes the migration in the liver parenchyma of F. hepatica?
4-6 weeks
27
Approximately how long is the praepatent period of F. hepatica?
10 weeks
28
What are the definitive hosts of F. hepatica?
All kinds of ruminants, mainly the hollow-horned ones (bovidae)
29
What are the most susceptible species for Fasciola hepatica?
Sheep, goat, rabbit and hare + (artificially: mouse, rat
30
What are the moderately susceptible species of Fasciola hepatica?
Cattle, deer, roe-deer, moufflon, buffalo and camel + (artificially: guinea pig)
31
What are the least susceptible species for Fasciola heptica?
Horse, pig, dog, cat and humans
32
What can be the symptoms of acute form of Fasciola hepatica?
Rapid weight loss, sudden death
33
What colour are the mucous membranes in case of sub acute Fasciolosis?
Pale
34
What can be the symptoms of sub acute form of Fasciola hepatica?
Severe anemia, bottle jaw
35
What can be the symptoms of chronic form of Fasciola hepatica?
Submandibular edema, cachexia
36
F. hepatica: in case of acute form the young flukes can be found in?
Parenchyma
37
F. hepatica: in case of chronic form the flukes can be found?
In the biliary ducts and gallbladder
38
How big is Fascioloides magna?
2-10 cm
39
What is another name for Fascioloides magna?
Large liver fluke
40
What is the size of Fascioloides magna eggs?
110-160 μm
41
Does the eggs of Fascioloides magna contains zygote?
Yes
42
Mixed infections with F. magna and F. hepatica can occur in?
Cattle
43
What is the definite host of the Fascioloides magna?
Deer
44
What is the aberran host of the Fascioloides magna?
Sheep, goat
45
What is the paratenic host of the Fascioloides magna?
Cattle
46
What are the steps of the lifecycle in rumen fluke?
MI - SPO - RE1 - CE (Miracidium, Sporocysts, Redia and Cercaria)
47
Where does the development take place for paramphistomid?
On land and in water
48
How is the lifecycle of rumen flukes?
Indirect
49
Which snail species is amphibious?
Planorbis species
50
How long is the praepatent period of rumen flukes?
16-18 weeks
51
Where can you find immature rumen flukes?
Duodenum and abomasum
52
Juvenile form of rumen flukes is found in?
Duodenum
53
What color does the eggs of rumen flukes have?
They are colorless
54
What is special about the juvenile rumen flukes?
They never leave the intestinal canal during their route from small intestine to the forestomach
55
What is the intermediate host of the rumen flukes?
Galba truncatula for Calicophoron species and shells of planorbids act as intermediate hosts
for Paramphistomum species
56
What is the habitat for the intermediate host of the rumen flukes?
They have a wide range of habitats
57
In which animals is the rumen fluke common?
In wild animals
58
What is the genus name for rumen fluke?
Calicophoron
59
Where does the rumen fluke take place?
Rumen and reticulum
60
What is the size of the rumen fluke?
1-2 cm
61
What is the shape of the rumen fluke?
Bean-like/conical
62
What are the symptoms of acute or intestinal rumen paramphistomatidosis?
Profuse diarrhea, anorexia, intense thirst, rectal hemorrhage followed by straining anemia,
edema (due to hypoalbuminaemia) emaciation, death
63
What are the symptoms of chronic or rumen paramphistomatidosis?
No symptoms
64
How can you diagnose chronic rumen fluke infections?
Sedimentation
65
Adult rumen flukes are found ... during acute paramphistomatidosis?
Nowhere, because adult rumen flukes aren’t present in acute form
66
To diagnose rumen fluke we can use?
Sedimentation method or flotation
67
How can you diagnose acute form of rumen fluke?
No eggs in faeces, juvenile flukes in faeces and microscopy
68
How can you diagnose the chronic form?
Faecal egg count and necroscopy
69
How to treat the acute form of rumen flukes?
Stop grazing, fluke-free pastures and use Niclosamide – against immature intestinal stages
70
How to treat the chronic form of rumen flukes?
Levamizol, oxikolzanid
71
What is the main difference between the eggs of rumen fluke and F. hepatica?
Colour
72
What is the size of the eggs of lancet flukes?
40-48 μm long
73
Which fluke is the smallest?
Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.5-1 cm)
74
You can find 40-50 μm sized, brownish eggs in the fecal sample. They are the
eggs of?
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
75
Which fluke species develops with two intermediate hosts?
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
76
What is the development of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in ants?
CE - ME
77
The life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in snails?
MI - SPO1 - SPO2 - RE - CE
78
When is the miracidium able to hatch in the lancet flukes?
If the egg is consumed by a landsnail
79
Acute form was never mentioned in?
Dicrocoeliosis
80
Where does the larva of the lancet fluke hatch?
In the intestines of the snails
81
Where does the larva of the lancet fluke develops?
In the body cavity of the intermediate host to sporocyst
82
What does the sporocyst of the lancet fluke produce?
Several generations of other sporocysts (so called daughter sporocyst)
83
Cercariae of the lancet fluke have a sharp spine on the tip of the head, what is
it called?
Stylet
84
How does the cercariae of the lancet fluke leave the snail?
With the expelled mucus
85
Where does juvenile lancet flukes develop into adults?
Liver, through biliary ducts
86
Apporiximately how long is the praepatent period in the lancet flukes?
About 7-9 weeks
87
What is the intermediate host of lancet flukes?
Small landsnails may act as first intermediate host
88
For how long does the infected snail survive in the lancet flukes?
1-4 years
89
What is the second intermediate host of the lancet flukes?
Ants
90
How long does the infected ants of the lancet flukes survive for?
Maximum 1 year
91
Which biotope is important in dicrocoeliosis?
None, not primary or secondary
92
Where does Schistosomatidosis (blood fluke disease) occur?
In the vessels
93
How is the male of the Schistosomiasis?
Broad, flat and inwardly curved forming a groove
94
How big is the Schistosomiasis?
0.5-3.0 cm long
95
How is the lifecycle of Schistosomiasis?
MI - SPO1 - SPO2 - CE
96
What is the infective stage of the Schistosomiasis?
Furcocercaria
97
How is the shape of Schistosomiasis?
Thread-like
98
Which of the Schistosoma is most pathologic?
Japonicum
99
Which of the Schistosoma is the biggest?
Female
100
Schistosoma bovis occurs in which species?
Cattle, sheep and goat
101
Schistosoma bovis can be found in?
Portal, mesenteric and urogenital veins
102
Schistosoma mattheei occurs in which species?
Domestic and wild ruminants, zebra and occasionally humans
103
Schistosoma mattheei can be found in?
Intestinal, hepatic and bladder veins
104
Schistosoma japonicum occurs in which species?
Most domestic and wild animals and humans
105
Schistosoma japonicum can be found in?
Portal and mesenteric veins
106
Schistosoma mansoni occurs in which species?
Humans
107
Schistosoma mansoni will cause?
Bladder schistosomiasis
108
Schistosoma haematobium occurs in which species?
Human
109
Schistosoma haematobium will cause?
Urinary or bladder schistosomiasis
110
How big are the eggs of Schistosomiasis?
130-280 mm
111
How is the shape of the Schistosomiasis?
Spindle-shaped or spiny
112
What does the eggs of the Schistosomiais contain?
Miracidium when passed out in faeces or urine
113
What are characteristics about the eggs of Schistosomiasis?
They are covered in microbarbs, which cling to vascular endothelium
114
During acute infection of Schistosomiasis what does cercariae do?
Penetrate skin and causes rash (schistosome or swimmer’s itch)
115
Eggs of Schistosomiasis, which is laid in target organs, release antigens and
will cause?
Katayama fever
116
How can you treat Schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel
117
Alariosis is not very common in?
Dogs and cats, but prevalence in wild carnivores
118
How big is the Alaria alata?
2-6 mm
119
How many intermediate hosts does the Alaria alata have?
2
120
What are the intermediate hosts of the Alaria alata?
Snails and Tadpoles
121
What are the paratenic hosts (mesocercaria) of Alaria alata?
Wild boar, pig, poultry, human (lung, eye)
122
How can you diagnose Alariosis?
Sedimentation, flotation and necroscopy
123
What is the color of the Alaria alata?
Yellow
124
How can you treat Alariosis?
Praziquantel
