Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthotics > Lab 2: Shoes and AFOs > Flashcards

Lab 2: Shoes and AFOs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lift?

A

Used to accommodate a leg length discrepancy or when asymmetry exists to promote greater ease in swing on the contralateral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What biomechanical effect would there be if a lift was only added to the heel of a shoe?

A

It would put the ankle into plantarflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much lift can be accommodated within the shoe?

A

1/2”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of a cushioned heel?

A

Absorb shock during heel strike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is a cushioned heel indicated?

A

Heel pain or when an individual is using a solid AFO so that it can assist with forward weight shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of a rocker sole, metatarsal bar, and rocker bar?

A

Decrease weight bearing through the metatarsal heads to allow for an easier and more comfortable transition from heel strike to push off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a rocker sole?

A

Extends the length of the sole of the shoe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a metatarsal bar?

A

Strip of leather or rubber placed just posterior to the metatarsal heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a rocker bar?

A

Strip of leather or rubber placed just posterior to the metatarsal heads but is beveled at the ends and resembles the rocker base of a rocker chair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four styles of rocker bottoms?

A

Rocker sole, double rocker, toe rocker, heel rocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of rocker is shown in the image?

A

Rocker sole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of rocker is shown in the image?

A

Double rocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of rocker is shown in the image?

A

Toe rocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of rocker is shown in the image?

A

Heel rocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of a flare?

A

Increase the M-L surface area of the bottom of the shoe. Can be placed either medially or laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a wedge?

A

External modification that is thicker on one side and tips the shoe in a desired direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the purpose of a heel wedge?

A

Directly influences the calcaneal position to correct a flexible deformity or support a rigid deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is a sole wedge located?

A

Originates distal to the heel, bisects the midline of the sole, and extends to the anterior midline of the footwear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What effect does a medial sole wedge have?

A

Inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What effect does a lateral sole wedge have?

A

Eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of a flare?

A

Increase BOS and prevents inversion or eversion injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of a wedge?

A

Help to correct a flexible deformities or support rigid deformities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If a pt presents with a flexible pronation deformity, what type of wedge or flare could be recommended?

A

Wedge: medial heel, will push calcaneus superior to to redistribute weight laterally

Flare: lateral, will encourage weight shift to lateral side of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If a pt presents with a rigid pronation deformity, what type of wedge or flare could be recommended?

A

Wedge: lateral hindfoot will support the everted position and redistribute the weight to the medial side

Flare: medial can increased BOS for loading, not practical though because it will be required bilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If a pt presents with a flexible supination deformity, what type of wedge or flare could be recommended?

A

Wedge: lateral hindfoot will push calcaneus inferior to redistribute weight medially

Flare: medial may encourage weight shirt, but would be required bilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If a pt presents with a rigid supination deformity, what type of wedge or flare could be recommended?

A

Wedge: medial hindfoot will support inverted hindfoot and redistribute weight laterally

Flare: lateral may help to improve balance by increasing BOS where foot is loaded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a Thomas heel?

A

An extension of the front edge of the heel anteriorly on the medial side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When is a Thomas heel used?

A

Increase stability of the sole of the shoe when there is pronation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is a Reverse Thomas heel?

A

Breast of the heel is extended anteriorly on the lateral side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When is a Reverse Thomas heel used?

A

Increase stability of the sole when there is supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe a dorsiflexion assist elastic strap type orthosis

A

Added to the shoe near the laces with a strap around the distal leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a scaphoid pad?

A

Convex pad used within the shoe to support the longitudinal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the proper positioning of a scaphoid pad?

A

Placed under the longitudinal arch – apex of the pad should be positioned between the sustentaculum tali and navicular tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a metatarsal pad?

A

Soft domed shape pad that supports the metatarsal arch and relieved pressure from the metatarsal heads by shifting pressure to the metatarsal shafts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the proper positioning for a metatarsal pad?

A

Just posterior to the metatarsal heads and anterior to the cuneiforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe the structure and general function of a heel spur insert

A

Anteriorly sloped to redistribute weight with a calcaneal relief to minimize pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What type of shoe modifications tend to be more effective, internal or external?

A

Internal because they are closed and in close contact with the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the proper positioning for the posterior superior trimline of a plastic SAFO?

A

3 fingers below the popliteal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the proper location for the lateral superior trimline of a plastic SAFO?

A

2 fingers below the fibular head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How far should the medial and lateral trimlines extends on a plastic SAFO?

A

Just anterior to the malleoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What motions are controlled by a SAFO?

A

Plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, pronation, supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Describe the force system to control plantarflexion with a SAFO

A

Primary: originates anterior and superior at the calcaneal strap and is directed posterior and inferior

Secondary: originates at the posterior superior trimline and is directed anterior

Secondary: originates from the inferior portion of the orthosis at the area of the metatarsal heads and is directed superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Describe the force system to control dorsiflexion with a SAFO

A

Primary: originates posterior and inferior at the heel cup and is directed anterior and superior

Secondary: originates anterior at the superior leg strap and is directed posterior

Secondary: originates superior at the shoe and is directed inferior at the area of the toe box

44
Q

Describe the force system to control pronation with a SAFO?

A

Primary: originates medially at the area of the orthosis at the talus and navicular and is directed lateral

Secondary: originates lateral at the lateral superior trim line and is directed medial

Secondary: originates lateral at the orthosis at the area of the 5th metatarsal head and is directed medially

45
Q

Describe the force system to control supination with a SAFO?

A

Primary: originates laterally at the orthosis at the lateral malleolus and is directed medially

Secondary: originates at the medial superior trimline and is directed laterally

Secondary: originates at the medial portion of the orthotic at the area of the 1st metatarsal head and is directed laterally

46
Q

What 4 views do you need to consider when evaluating alignment of a SAFO?

A

Posterior, lateral, superior, anterior

47
Q

What are you looking for from a posterior view when evaluating alignment of a SAFO?

A

If the heel cup is vertical or in slight varus

48
Q

What are you looking for from a lateral view when evaluating alignment of a SAFO?

A

If the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot is is neutral

49
Q

What are you looking for from a superior view when evaluating alignment of a SAFO?

A

Is the forefoot neutral – if you bisect the heel, a line should pass between the second and third metatarsal heads

50
Q

What are you looking for from an anterior view when evaluating alignment of a SAFO?

A

If the metatarsal heads are level

51
Q

Why would a SAFO be made with the ankle in slight dorsiflexion if there is no rigid deformity, and when is this indicated?

A

Creates a flexion moment at the knee and hip. Indicated when there is excessive hyperextension at the knee

52
Q

Why would a SAFO be made with the ankle in slight plantarflexion if there is no rigid deformity, and when is this indicated?

A

GRF passes anterior to the knee causing an extension moment. Indicated for a crouched gait

53
Q

What functional activities are more difficult when wearing a SAFO?

A

Ambulation, sit-to-stand, squatting etc. because there is no motion allowed

54
Q

What effect would the addition of an elastic anterior leg strap have on the motions controlled in a SAFO?

A

The elastic strap would allow for some degree of anterior translation of the tibia over the talus, so it would allow forward weight shift for functional transitions

55
Q

What would the purpose be of adding a calcaneal relief to a SAFO?

A

Provides greater stability of the subtalar joint by saddling the calcaneous

56
Q

What would the purpose be of adding a metatarsal head relief and shelf to a SAFO?

A

Inhibit toes for hyperextending or clawing to inhibit tone

57
Q

What is the function of a medial flange?

A

Assists in distributing the primary force utilized to control pronation by preventing IR of the tibia on the talus

58
Q

Is the addition of a flange considered to be a fourth force of the pressure system?

A

No

59
Q

What is the function of a lateral flange?

A

Disperse the primary force necessary to control supination by preventing ER of the tibia on the talus

60
Q

How distal does a partial footplate extend?

A

Just proximal to or at the metatarsal heads

61
Q

How distal does a full footplate extend?

A

Just past the toes

62
Q

When is a partial footplate indicated?

A

Pt has active toe extension and is able to active motion through swing phase for adequate clearance

63
Q

When is a full flexible footplate indicated?

A

Pt will be ambulating but lacks active toe extension to adequate clearance during swing phase OR excessive toe clawing and contact with the brace inhibits it

64
Q

Why would a full footplate be indicated for a pediatric patient?

A

Allows for length changes over time, a full foot plate would transition to a partial as they grow

65
Q

When is a semi-rigid or flexible footplate indicated?

A

When the pt will be ambulating

66
Q

What does a semi-rigid or flexible footplate allow for?

A

Metatarsal break

67
Q

When is a rigid footplate indicated?

A

If braces are only being worn for positioning or standing, partial foot amputation

68
Q

If you are ambulating with a rigid footplate, what compensatory motion is happening at the hip?

A

ER

69
Q

What does PLSO stand for?

A

Posterior Leaf Spring Orthosis

70
Q

Why are PLSO’s typically a stock orthosis?

A

Trimlines are narrow medially and laterally so there is little need for a custom fit

71
Q

Compare the trimlines of a PLSO to a SAFO in relation to the malleoli

A

PLSO trimlines are well behind the malleoli when compared to a SAFO

72
Q

What motions are controlled with with a PLSO?

A

No motions are controlled, but some plantarflexion may be limited during swing phase

73
Q

Why does a PLSO not control supination or pronation?

A

There is not medial or lateral support

74
Q

What is the primary purpose of a PLSO?

A

Dorsiflexion assist – as the pt plantarflexes at pushoff, the posterior portion of the shell is compressed

75
Q

Is a PLSO designed to correct a flexible deformity or support a rigid deformity?

A

Typically does not because there is little brace contact with the foot

76
Q

When would a PLSO be indicated?

A

Inadequate foot clearance through swing phase

77
Q

When would a PLSO be contraindicated?

A

If there is spasticity in the involved LE

78
Q

What does HAFO stand for?

A

Hinged Ankle Foot Orthosis

79
Q

When would a metal upright be indicated?

A

If the individual is or slight build and there is little to no spasticity

80
Q

When would a metal HAFO with a double metal upright be indicated?

A

Where a fair amount of force is necessary to control motion, it would provide greater stability and control

81
Q

Why should the calf band not extend over the fibular head?

A

The avoid pressure on the peroneal nerve

82
Q

Why must a steel shank be incorporated into the shoe design of a metal HAFO?

A

Add reinforcement to the bottom of the shoe and serve as an anchor for the metal uprights

83
Q

Why would a split stirrup be used over a steel shank for a metal HAFO?

A

Split stirrup with allow each side of the shoe to detach, so easier for donning and doffing. However, it is less durable and heavier than a solid

84
Q

What is the purpose of a medial T-strap?

A

Correct pronation

85
Q

What is the purpose of a lateral T-strap?

A

Correct supination

86
Q

Describe the force system of a medial T-strap

A

Controls pronation

Primary: originates medially at the T-strap and is directed laterally

Secondary: originates laterally at the lateral portion of the calf band and is directed medially

Secondary: originates laterally at the shoe at the area of the 5th metatarsal head and is directed medially

87
Q

Describe the force system of a lateral T-strap

A

Controls supination

Primary: originates laterally at the T-strap and is directed medially

Secondary: originates medially at the medial portion of the calf band and is directed laterally

Secondary: originates medially at the shoe at the area of the 1st metatarsal head and is directed laterally

88
Q

When would a free ankle joint design be indicated?

A

Rarely, possibly as part of a KAFO or HKAFO for a polio patient with intact ankle musculature but compromised knee or hip control

89
Q

What motion does a posterior stop limit?

A

Plantarflexion

90
Q

What motion does an anterior stop limit?

A

Dorsiflexion

91
Q

When is a posterior stop indicated?

A

If the pt drags their foot through swing phase

92
Q

When is an anterior stop indicated?

A

If the pt has a crouched gait

93
Q

What is the advantage of a molded shoe insert AFO with bilateral uprights compared to a conventional metal design?

A

Molded shoe insert by provide better correction of foot alignment because it is closer to the foot

94
Q

What are advantages of a metal AFO compared to a plastic AFO?

A

Metal AFO’s can accommodate changes in girth, is a cooler temperature, prior metal device, remote areas where plastic materials are not readily available

95
Q

Name the SAFO part labeled 1

A

Superior anterior leg strap

96
Q

Name the SAFO part labeled 2

A

Lateral trim line

97
Q

Name the SAFO part labeled 3

A

Calcaneal strap

98
Q

Name the SAFO part labeled 4

A

Footplate

99
Q

Name the SAFO part labeled 5

A

Heel cup

100
Q

Name the SAFO part labeled 6

A

Medial trim line

101
Q

Name the SAFO part labeled 7

A

Superior trim line

102
Q

Name the HAFO part labeled 1

A

Calf band

103
Q

Name the HAFO part labeled 2

A

T-Strap

104
Q

Name the HAFO part labeled 3

A

Ankle joint

105
Q

Name the HAFO part labeled 4

A

Stirrup

106
Q

Name the HAFO part labeled 5

A

Upright

Orthotics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions