Lab 2 - Skeletal System Flashcards

Question

Inferior Nasal Concha

Answer 1

Separate scroll shaped bones

Answer 2

lower horseshoe shaped jaw bone - Ramus: part that sticks up - Mandibular chondyle(articulates with mandibular fossa) - Coronoid process - Alveolar process - Mandibular foramen - Mental foramen - Mental protruberance

Answer 3

not articulated to any bones but to ligaments - Under tongue

Answer 4

- Cervical curvature(secondary/anterior) - Thoracic curvature(primary/posterior) - Lumbar curvature(secondary/anterior) Sacral curvature(primary/posterior)

Answer 5

- C7 - T12 - L5 - S5 - C4

Answer 6

- Body - Pedicles - Laminae - Spinous process - Transverse processes - Vertebral foramen - Facets - Superior and inferior articular process

Answer 7

- Smallest - Have transverse foramina for blood and nerve supply to the brain - Atlas: CI supporting the head - Axis: C2 which has a dens, from which the atlas pivots around - Bifid spinous process on C2-C6 - Vertebral prominens on C7

Answer 8

- Medium size - Articulate with ribs - Have long pointed spinous processes

Answer 9

- Largest size - Short, thick spinous processes - Weight bearing - Spinous process are almost horizontal

Answer 10

- Fused of 5 vertebrae - Median sacral crest - Posterior sacral foramina - Forms sacroiliac joints - Forms posterior wall of pelvic cavity - Sacral promontory - Sacral canal - Sacral hiatus

Answer 11

- Tailbone - 4 fused vertebrae which occurs during the ages of 25-30 - Vestigial organ with no known purpose

Answer 12

- Thoracic Cage includes Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum and costal cartilages that attach ribs - Supports pectoral girdle and upper limbs and protects thoracic and upper abdominal viscera - humans have 12 pairs of ribs, 7 of which are true ribs, 3 of which are false ribs and 2 of which are floating ribs

Answer 13

- Shaft - Head: posterior end which articulates with the vertebrae - Tubercle articulates with vertebra - Costal cartilage: hyaline cartilage connecting to sternum

Answer 14

Breastbone - Manubrium - Body - Xiphoid process

Answer 15

- Consists of 2 clavicles and 2 scapulae - Supports upper limbs

Answer 16

- S Shaped - Articulates with manubrium on sternal(thicker) end and scapulae on the acromial end(thinner) - Braces the scapulae which otherwise moves freely

Answer 17

- Spine(on posterior side) - Supraspinous Fossa - Infraspinous Fossa - Acromion process(most superior) - Coracoid Process(middle) - Glenoid Cavity/Fossa(most inferior)

Answer 18

- Head has a greater tubercle and lesser tubercle - Deltoid tuberosity(attachment point of deltoid muscle) - Capitulum lateral condyle - Trochlea(triangular) medial condyle - Lateral epicondyle - Medial epicondyle(epi = above) - Coronoid Fossa(anterior side) - Olecranon fossa(posterior side)

Answer 19

Shorter than ulna and lateral forearm - Head of radius(proximal) - Radial tuberosity - Styloid process

Answer 20

Medial forearm - Trochlear notch(u Shaped( - Olecranon process - Coronoid process - Head(distal end) - Styloid process - Radial notch

Answer 21

So Long Top Part, Here Comes the Thumb - Scaphoid - Lunate - Triquetrum - Pisiform - Hamate(has a hook) - Capitate - Trapezoid - Trapezium

Answer 22

- 5 bones numbered 1 to 5 from the thumb across

Answer 23

- Proximal Phalanx - Middle Phalanx(thumb has none) - Distal Phalanx

Answer 24

- 2 coxal bones

Answer 25

pelvic girdle + sacrum and coccyx - Protects pevlic viscera - Supports trunk of body - Trasmits weight to lower limbs - Provides attachment for lower limbs

Answer 26

- Ilium(largest most superior) ○ Iliac crest ○ Iliac spines ○ Greater sciatic notch - Ischium(L shaped lowest part) ○ Supports weight while sitting ○ Ischial spines ○ Ischial tuberosity - Pubis(anterior portion) ○ Pubic symphysis(cartilage) ○ Pubic Arch - Acetabulum: socket for head of femur composed of all 3 bones - Obturator foramen: largest foramen in the body in the coxal bones

Answer 27

- knee to ankle

Answer 28

longest bone in the body - Head - Fovea capitis - Neck - Greater trochanter - Lesser trochanter - Gluteal tuberosity - Linea aspera - Medial and lateral condyles - Intercondylar fossa - Medial and lateral epicondyles - Patella surface

Answer 29

flat sesamoid/round bone in the quadriceps tendon

Answer 30

larger medial shin bone - Lateral and medial condyles(proximal end) - Intercondylar eminence - Tibial tuberosity - Anterior crest - Medial malleolus(distal end)

Answer 31

lateral shin bone that has no weight bearing - Head proximal end - Lateral malleolus

Answer 32

7 ankle bones (Tiger Cubs Need MILC) - Talus - Calcaneus - Navicular - Medial Cuneiform - Intermediate Cuneiform - Lateral Cuneiform - Cuboid

Answer 33

5 foot bones

Answer 34

14 bones with proximal, middle and distal bones

Answer 35

- Long: longer than they are wide with expanded ends ○ e.g. femur - Short: similar length and width ○ carpals ○ Sesamoid: special type of short bone have an embedded tendon near joints ○ e.g. patella - Flat: wide surfaces and are sometimes curved ○ e.g. cranium, ribs - Irregular: numerous shapes and have articulations e.g. vertebrae

Answer 36

3. Periosteum: dense regular connective tissue which covers the outside of bones and contains blood vessels - Endosteum: membrane of dense regular connective tissue which lines the medullary cavity - Diaphysis: bone shaft - Epiphysis: end parts of a long bone which are surrounded by articular cartilage ○ Proximal epiphysis: closer to trunk ○ Distal epiphysis 7. Articular cartilage: composed of hyaline cartilage and is involved in secreting a lubricant to reduce friction and allow freer movement at joints - Medullary mallow cavity: hollow center of bone shaft 5. Epiphyseal lines: site of original epiphyseal plate that has ossified 1. Red bone marrow 2. Yellow bone marrow

Answer 37

- epidermis with 5 layers - basement membrane - dermal layer - papillary layer of areolar connective tissue - reticular layer of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 38

- Merocrine(eccrine) sweat glands: ○ Found on most of the body but abundant on forehead, palms and soles of feet ○ Provide evaporative cooling during exercise, stress and excrete water, salt or nitrogen - Apocrine Sweat Glands: ○ Found in axillary, genital areas ○ Secretes substances more viscous during pain and stress and are active after puberty - Sebaceous Glands: ○ Found in hair follicles ○ Secrete oily sebum into follicles which helps keep skin and hair pliable ○ Active after puberty - Ceruminous glands: ○ Found in the external ear canal ○ Secretes cerumen(earwax) as protective covering - Mammary glands: ○ Found within breasts - Produces and secretes breast milk through ducts that open on the nipple

Answer 39

1. Thick Skin 2. Light Skin 3. Dark Skin 4. Scalp

Answer 40

- Nail bed is produced from deeper layers of epidermal skin - Nail plate: visible portion consisting of keratinized cells which overly the nail bed - Blood vessels under the nail give it a pinkish appearance - Nail matrix: active growth region not visible and at the proximal end of nail bed - Lunula is the whitish half-moon region due to the thick nail matrix concealing dermal blood vessels - Cuticle: a portion of stratum corneum extending over the proximal end of the nail Free edge: the nail plate extending beyond the end of the nail bed

Answer 41

- Hair develops from a group of epidermal stem cells at the base of a tubelike depression: hair follicle - Hair bulb sits in the base of the follicle and hair root extends from the skin surface to the subcutaneous layer - Hair papilla: contain blood vessels to nourish the hair and anchor the hair bulb - Hair matrix within the hair bulb contains epithelial cells which allow for division and growth Hair shaft is composed of keratinized epithelial cells which extend away from skin surface