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Biology 1107 Lab > Lab 23: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Lab 23: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A
  • carry oxygenated blood
  • thick muscular layer
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2
Q

Veins

A
  • carry deoxygenated blood
  • open thin layer
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3
Q

Capillaries

A

-location of gas exchange of oxygenated blood from the arterioles, to deoxygenated blood to the venules

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4
Q

Function of Blood Flow

A

-transports blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body

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5
Q

Flow of blood through the heart (right side)

A

Pulmonary (deoxygenated) side

  1. inferior vena cava
  2. superior vena cava
  3. right atrium
  4. tricuspid valve
  5. right ventricle
  6. pulmonary semilunar valve
  7. pulmonary trunk
  8. pulmonary artery
  9. lungs
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6
Q

Flow of blood through the heart (left side)

A

Systematic (oxygenated) side

  1. pulmonary veins
  2. left atrium
  3. bicuspid valve
  4. left ventricle
  5. aortic semilunar valve
  6. aorta
  7. body
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7
Q

Flow of Blood in Heart Diagram

A
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8
Q

Function of Valves

A

-stop the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atriums

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9
Q

Exception of Pulmonary Artery

A

-carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart

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10
Q

Exception of Pulmonary Vein

A

-carry oxygenated blood toward the heart

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11
Q

Exception of Umbilical Artery

A

-carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the mother

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12
Q

Exception of the Umbilical Vein

A

-carries oxygenated blood from the mother to the fetus

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13
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A
  • present in the fetal pig
  • opening between pulmonary artery and aorta is created causing the mixing of blood
  • due to the fact that the lungs aren’t fully developed
  • blood is transporte to the mother to get oxygenated for the fetus
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14
Q

Foramen Ovale

A
  • tube between the right and left atrium
  • causes mixing of blood
  • only present in fetal pig
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15
Q

Flow of Blood in Neck Diagram

A
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16
Q

Carotid Arteries

A

-carries oxygenated blood to the head and neck region

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17
Q

Internal and External Jugular Vein

A

-carries deoxygenated blood to the cranial vena cava which then goes to the right atrium

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18
Q

Renal Artery

A

-provides oxygenated blood to the kidney

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19
Q

Renal Vein

A

-collects deoxygenated blood from the kidneys

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20
Q

Blood Composition

A
  • special type of connective tissue
  • contains 3 main classes of formed elements:erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes
  • suspended in a nonliving matrix called plasma
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21
Q

Erythrocyes

A
  • red blood cells
  • small, flattened biconcave discs
  • lack a nucleus
  • primary vehicles of gas exchange due to respiratory pigment hemoglobin
  • confined in vascualr system
22
Q

Platelets

A
  • smallest of the formed elements also known as thrombocytes
  • cell fragments derived from stem cells in bone marrow
  • lack a nucleus
  • tiny, irregular shaped
23
Q

Leukocytes

A
  • white blood cells
  • fight infections and produce antibodies
  • can move out of blood vessels to seek and destroy bacteria, viruses, and tumors
  • large, purple stains
  • classify into granulocytes and agranulocytes
24
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • deeply stained particles in cytoplasm
  • fight infection
  • neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
25
Neutrophils
- one to five lobe elongated nucleus - cytoplasm contains fine granules
26
Eosinophils
- two lobe nucleus - cytoplasm contains large granules
27
Basophils
- two lobe nucleus - cytoplasm contains multiple granules
28
Agranulocytes
- show no particles in cytoplasm - lymphocytes and monocytes
29
Lymphocytes
- smallest leukocyte - large, round nucleus that occupies most of the cell
30
Monocytes
- largest leukocyte - large irregular shaped nucleus - contains large amount of cytoplasm
31
Atherosclerosis
- buildup of plaque - impairs the flow of blood and oxygen to the **myocardium** (heart muscle) - can lead to a heart attack
32
Sickel Cell Anemia
- hereditary condition - production of abnormal hemoglobin by a defective gene - inefficient at carrying oxygen and can easily lead to clots and build up in veins - cells appear flattened and sickle shaped
33
Leukemia
- type of cancer that involves overproduction of leukocytes - lack normal functions
34
Cardiac Muscle
- striated - contains centered nucleus - contains **intercalated discs**: dense bands between muscle fibers - allow electrical impulses to travel through the **myocardium** (heart muscle)
35
Antibodies
- circulate in the blood serum - bond with specific antigens to show blood type - anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh
36
Agglutination Reaction
- the binding and clumping of antibodies and antigens - when this happens, the blood types that clump is the blood type that is present
37
Blood Types
- A, B, AB, O - AB: universal recipient; can receive any blood type; contains anti-A and anti-B antigens - O: universal donor; can give to any blood type; lacks antigens
38
Rh antigen
- Rh+ or Rh- - In Rh- individuals, anti-Rh antibodies will develope only in exposure with Rh+ cells
39
Components of Heart Beat/Pulse
- **lub**: antrioventricular (AV) valve - **dub**: semilunar valvles - detected with the use of a stethoscope or middle fingers on your **radial artery** in the wrist
40
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
- recording of the electrical potential differences resulting from depolarization and repolarization of the heart as it contracts - produces P waves, QRS complex, and T wave
41
Cardiac Cycle
-flow of impulses from the heart
42
Sinoatrial (SA) node
- origin of the cardiac muscle - cluster of specialized cells located in the right atrium - carries impulse over the atrail musculature to the AV node
43
Antroventricular (AV) node
- located on the right side of the interatrial septum - carries impulse to the **AV bundle:** right and left bundle branches - depolarization of impulse
44
Purkinje Network
- termination of the impulse - located in the walls of the ventricles
45
P waves
- activation of impulse - corresponds with the depolarization of the SA node
46
QRS complex
-depolarization of the ventricles after the impulse reaches the Purkinje fibers
47
T waves
-repolarization of ventricles
48
Blood Pressure
- measure of the force exerte by blood on the elastic walls of the artery - measures in units of mm Hg - sphygmomanometer is used to measure blood pressure
49
Systolic Blood Pressure
-pressure that the heart exerts when the ventricles are contracting
50
Diastolic Blood Pressure
- the pressure when the heart is at rest - reflects health of cardio. system
51
Stroke Volume
-amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat
52
Cardiac Output
-calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the pulse rate

Biology 1107 Lab (9 decks)

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