Lab 3/4

Question 1

the smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element

Answer 1

atoms

Question 2

reflects the number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 2

atomic number

Question 3

indicates the number of protons plus the number of neutrons on the nucleus

Answer 3

atomis mass

Question 4

substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by ordinary chemical means

Answer 4

element

Question 5

atoms that have the same number of protons and a varied number of neutrons are called - ?

Answer 5

isotopes

Question 6

molecules composed of different elements

Answer 6

compounds

Question 7

the attraction of oppositely charged ions forms what kind of bond?

Answer 7

ionic bond

Question 8

what kind of bond results from sharing electrons?

Answer 8

covalent bonds

Question 9

covalent bond that involves an equal sharing of electrons

Answer 9

nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 10

covalent bond that involves unequal sharing of electrons

Answer 10

polar covalent bonds

Question 11

weak bonds between the positively charged region of a hydrogen atom of a apolar covalent molecule and the neg. charged region of oxygen or nitrogen of another polar covalent molecule

Answer 11

hydrogen bond

Question 12

what’s the difference between a solution, solute, and solvent?

Answer 12

solution is the mixture of 2 + substances , solvent is the dissolving medium (thing used to dissolve a solution) , and a solute is the dissolved substance (result/product)

Question 13

what is acid?\

Answer 13

substance that yields (donates) a hydrogen ion in a solution

Question 14

what is a base/alkaline?

Answer 14

a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration of their aqueous solution or releases hydrogen ions in solution

Question 15

most common method of measuring the acidic or basic nature of a ssubstance

Answer 15

pH scale

Question 16

organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 raatio

Answer 16

carbohydrates

Question 17

diverse organic compounds that include fats, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids

Answer 17

lipids

Question 18

what are monosaccharides?

Answer 18

single, simple sugars composed of three - to seven -carbon atoms and their appropriate hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Question 19

what is a disaccharide?

Answer 19

a double sugar

Question 20

the removal of an OH- from one sugar and an H+ from another sugar (or condensation) is a process known as ?

Answer 20

dehydration synthesis

Question 21

the chemical breakdown of a compound like disaccharide into their more simpler form or sugars is known as what?

Answer 21

hydrolysis

Question 22

what are polysaccharides?

Answer 22

complex carbohydrates built from simple carbohydrates and linked through dehydrations synthesis.

Question 23

a storage polysaccharide that consists of glucose molecules in plants

Answer 23

starch

Question 24

a type of animal starch that is highly branched, a glucose-rich polysaccharide stored in the liver and skeletal muscle of animals

Answer 24

glycogen

Question 25

what does the Benedict's test test for and what color changes occurs?

Answer 25

tests for reducing sugars. The test changes from blue (-) to green, orange, brown (+) after adding heat

Question 26

what does the Lugol's Iodine test test for and what color changed occur?

Answer 26

tests for the presence of starch. the test changed from clear/orange brown (-) to a black (+)

Question 27

this acid and its fat contains the max # of hydrogen ions. it is solid at room temperature; is straight in structure

Answer 27

saturated fatty acids and saturated fats

Question 28

this acid and its fat have 1 or more double bonds between the carbon atoms and is liquid at room temperature; is bent/bending in structure

Answer 28

unsaturated fatty acid and unsaturated fat

Question 29

if an unsaturated faty acid has one double bond, it is known as what?

Answer 29

monosatturatted

Question 30

if an unsaturated fatty acid has more than one double bond present, it is known as what?

Answer 30

polyunsaturated

Question 31

these consist of an alcohol bonded with a long-chain fatty acid. they are solid at room temperature and repel water

Answer 31

waxes

Question 32

What does the Dice Diphenylamine test test for and what color changes occur?

Answer 32

tests to identify DNA presence. it changes from clear (-) to blue (+) ;b the darker the blue = more DNA

Question 33

What does the Sudan III test test for and what color changes occur

Answer 33

tests for presence of lipids. bright orange (+) = lipids presence light orange (+) = less lipids present no orange stain (-) = no lipids presence

Question 34

the building blocks of proteins ; compounds that have an amino group and a carboxyl group, sometimes an R group

Answer 34

amino acids

Question 35

give 3 examples of amino acids with non polar (hydrophobic) R groups:

Answer 35

1.valine 2. phenylalanine 3. alanine 4. proline 5. glycine 6. methionine 7. tryptophan 8. leucine 9. isoleucine

Question 36

give 3 examples of amino acids with polar (hydrophilic) R groups:

Answer 36

1. serine 2. cysteine 3. threonine 4. tyrosine 5. asparagine 6. glutamine

Question 37

give 3 examples of amino acids with ionized R groups:

Answer 37

1. glutamic acid 2. lysine 3. histidine 4. arginine 5. aspartic acid

Question 38

a covalent bond that forms between the amino groups of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid during dehydration synthesis reaction ; links amino acids

Answer 38

peptide bonds

Question 39

structural unit composed of more than 100 amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Answer 39

polypeptides

Question 40

What does the Biuret test test for and what color changes occur?

Answer 40

tests for the presence of protein. purple = (+) presence of proteins blue = (-) absence of proteins

Question 41

a 5 carbon sugar containing adenine, thymine/uracil, guanine, or cytosine, and has a phosphate group

Answer 41

nucleotide