Lab 5

Question 1

what is the difference between a light compound microscope and a dissecting microscope?

Answer 1

a compound microscope is used to examine types of cells, micro organisms, and tissues where s the dissecting microscope is used to view larger objects and dissecting.

Question 2

microscope part: the uppermost lens or series of lenses through which a specimen is views

Answer 2

ocular (eyepiece)

Question 3

microscope part: connects the ocular to the body tube

Answer 3

draw tube

Question 4

microscope part: holds the nosepiece at one end and includes the draw tube

Answer 4

body

Question 5

microscope part: serves as a handle

Answer 5

arm

Question 6

microscope part: revolves and holds the objectives

Answer 6

nosepiece

Question 7

microscope part: lower lenses attaches to the nosepiece

Answer 7

objectives

Question 8

microscope part: use for viewing larger specimens or searching for a specimen; magnifies an object 4x

Answer 8

scanning objective

Question 9

microscope part: used for coarse and preliminary focusing; magnifies an object approximately 10x

Answer 9

low-power objective

Question 10

microscope part: used for final and fine focusing; magnifies an object approximately 40x

Answer 10

high-power objective

Question 11

microscope part: uses the optical properties of immersion oil to help magnify a specimen

Answer 11

oil-immersion objective

Question 12

microscope part: platform on which slides are placed

Answer 12

stage

Question 13

microscope part: serves as the source of illumination for the microscope

Answer 13

light source (illuminator)

Question 14

microscope part: regulates light entering the microscope; usually is controlled by a mechanical lever or rotating disk

Answer 14

iris diaphragm

Question 15

microscope part: a lens system found beneath the state; used to focus the light on the specimen

Answer 15

condensor

Question 16

microscope part: used to adjust then microscope on scanning and low power only

Answer 16

coarse-adjustment knob

Question 17

microscope part: used to adjust the specimen into final focus

Answer 17

fine adjustment knob

Question 18

microscope part: the supportive portion of the microscope, which rests on the laboratory table

Answer 18

base

Question 19

definition: after the image is focused with one objective, it should focus with others

Answer 19

parfocal

Question 20

definition: specific distance from the lens where the specimen can be sharply focused

Answer 20

plane of focus

Question 21

definition: the thickness of the specimen

Answer 21

depth of field

Question 22

describe the steps in preparing a wet mount slide

Answer 22

1. make sure the slide and coverslip are clean.
2. place the specimen in the center of the slide
3. add a drop of the liquid in the center of the slide on top of the specimen.
4. place the coverslip over at a 45 degree angle to avoid air bubbles.

Question 23

organisms composed of one cell

Answer 23

unicellular

Question 24

loosely connected groups or aggregates of cells

Answer 24

colonial organisms

Question 25

give an example of a colonial organism :

Answer 25

volvox

Question 26

organisms composed of many cells

Answer 26

multicellular

Question 27

groups of cells and their intercellular substances similar in structure and function are called :

Answer 27

tissues

Question 28

this cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles like mitochondria. they are generally small

Answer 28

prokaryotic cells

Question 29

this cell is structurally complex, larger, and have a membrane bound nucleus and a variety or organelles

Answer 29

eukaryotic cells

Question 30

true bacteria, more known to the general public ex: meningitis

Answer 30

eubacteria

Question 31

ancient bacteria, found in living in extreme environments like salty habitats, hot env., etc

Answer 31

archaebacteria

Question 32

rod shaped bacteria

Answer 32

bacillus

Question 33

spherical shaped bacteria

Answer 33

coccus

Question 34

spiral shaped bacteria

Answer 34

spirillum

Question 35

cell function: in plant cells, a cellulose envelope that provides protection and shape

Answer 35

cell wall

Question 36

cell function: a phospholipid bilayer that provides support and regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer 36

plasma membrane

Question 37

cell function: a semifluid medium located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Answer 37

cytoplasm

Question 38

cell function: the control center of the cell

Answer 38

nucleus

Question 39

cell function: membrane surrounding the nucleus; possesses numerous nuclear pores

Answer 39

nuclear envelope

Question 40

cell function: cytoplasm within the nucleus

Answer 40

nucleoplasm

Question 41

cell function: chromatin-rich region that serves to combine proteins and RNA to make ribosomal subunits

Answer 41

nucleolus

Question 42

cell function: diffuse, threadlike strands composed of DNA and proteins

Answer 42

chromatin

Question 43

cell function: site of aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 43

mitochondria

Question 44

cell function: networks of membranes throughout the cytoplasm; synthesis or protein and nonprotein products

Answer 44

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

cell function: lined with ribosomes; involved in the synthesis and assembly of a variety of proteins and production of membranes

Answer 45

rough ER

Question 46

cell function:not associated w ribosomes; main site of steroid, fatty acid, and phospholipid synthesis; site of detoxification

Answer 46

smooth ER

Question 47

cell function: stacks of flattened membranous sacs or cisternae; receives, packages, stores, and ships protein products, produces lysosomes and other vesicles

Answer 47

Golgi apparatus

Question 48

cell function: vesicle containing enzymes that help in breaking down fatty acids and neutralizing hydrogen peroxide

Answer 48

peroxisome

Question 49

cell function: in animal cells, vesicle containing hydrolytic digestive enzymes used in destroying cellular debris and worn out organelles; also important in programmed cell death

Answer 49

lysosome

Question 50

cell function: found in animal cells with the exception of roundworms; appear as a pair of cylindrical structures made of microtubules; form the spindle apparatus in cell division

Answer 50

centrioles

Question 51

cell function: site protein synthesis

Answer 51

ribosomes

Question 52

cell function: structures that help the cell maintain its shape, anchor organelles, and move; three kinds of _____ elements aware recognized: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate fibers

Answer 52

cytoskeleton

Question 53

cell function: in plant cells, sites of photosynthesis

Answer 53

chloroplasts

Question 54

cell function: in plant cells, large, fluid-filled sac that helps maintain the shape of the cell and stores metabolites

Answer 54

central vacuole

Question 55

cell function: region between adjacent plant cells that cements the cell walls together

Answer 55

middle lamellae