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Final Bio Lab Exam > Lab 3: Chemical Composition of Cells > Flashcards

Lab 3: Chemical Composition of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Atoms

A

basic units of matter, that all organisms consist of

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2
Q

Biomolecules

A

proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

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3
Q

How are macromolecules (biomolecules) formed?

A

they form during dehydration reactions when smaller molecules bond as water is given off

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4
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

bonds are broken when water is added

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5
Q

A fat (lipid) contains:

A

one glycerol and three fatty acids

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6
Q

Monomers

A

smaller molecules

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7
Q

Polymers

A

made up of multiple monomers

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8
Q

What is the monomer in proteins?

A

amino acids

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9
Q

How are the amino acids bonded?

A

by a peptide bond

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10
Q

Monosaccharides in a polysaccharide (carbohydrates)

A

glucose molecules

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11
Q

Positive control

A

color change

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12
Q

Negative control

A

no color change

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13
Q

What benefit is a positive control?

A

positive controls give you a standard by which to tell if the substance being tested is present (or acting properly) in an unknown sample

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14
Q

What benefit is a negative control?

A

negative controls ensure that the experiment is giving reliable results

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15
Q

Enzyme

A

proteins that speed chemical reactions, ex. amaylse

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16
Q

All amino acids differ by:

A

the R group (remainder group) attached to a carbon atom

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17
Q

Peptide

A

a chain of two or more amino acids

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18
Q

Polypeptide

A

a very long chain of amino acids

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19
Q

Dipeptide

A

the bonding of two amino acids through a dehydration reaction

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20
Q

Biuret reagent tests for:

A

proteins (purple) and peptides (pinkish-purple)

21
Q

Biuret reagent contains:

A

a strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide (NaOH or KOH) and a small amount of dilute copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution

22
Q

Enzymes are composed of what type of organic molecules?

A

proteins

23
Q

Is starch a protein?

A

no

24
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

sugars and molecules that are chains of sugars

25
Q

What is the monosaccharide in carboyhdrates?

A

glucose, contains one sugar unit

26
Q

What is the disaccharide in carbohydrates?

A

maltose, which has two sugar units

27
Q

Polysaccharides of carbohydrates:

A

glycogen, starch, and cellulose

28
Q

Animals store glucose as:

A

glycogen

29
Q

Plants store glucose as:

A

starch

30
Q

Starch consists of:

A

amylose that is nonbranched and amylopectin that is branched

31
Q

Iodine tests for:

A

starch

32
Q

If a solution is positive for starch it turns:

A

blue/black

33
Q

If a solution is negative for starch it turns:

A

brown

34
Q

What stores glucose as starch? Potatoes or onions?

A

potatoes

35
Q

Benedict’s reagent tests for:

A

sugar molecules

36
Q

If a solution is positive for sugar it turns:

A

green (very low), yellow (low), yellow-orange (moderate), orange (high), orange-red (very high)

37
Q

If a solution if negative for sugar it turns:

A

blue

38
Q

What are lipids soluble and insoluble in?

A

lipids are insoluble in water and soluble in solvents, such as alcohol and ether

39
Q

Lipids includes:

A

fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, and cholesterol

40
Q

Oils and fats are composed of:

A

three molecules of fatty acids bonded to one molecule of glycerol

41
Q

Phospholipids are composed of:

A

two molecules of fatty acids bonded to one molecule of glycerol and one phosphate group

42
Q

What are steroids derived from?

A

cholesterol

42
Q

Steroids and cholesterol are composed of:

A

skeletons of four fused rings of carbon atoms, but they differ by functional groups (attached side chains)

43
Q

Brown paper tests for:

A

fats and oils

44
Q

If a solution if positive for fats it turns:

A

translucent

45
Q

If a solutions is negative for fats it turns:

A

solid

46
Q

What kind of protein if lactase, the biomolecule that speeds up the breakdown of lactose?

A

enzyme

47
Q

What is another name for plant fats?

A

oils

48
Q

What must be present to successfully break down fats during digestion?

A

emulsifier

Final Bio Lab Exam (7 decks)

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