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A+P II midterm > lab 3 Heart > Flashcards

lab 3 Heart Flashcards

1
Q

P-Q interval:

A

the time between the beginning of atrial depolarization and ventricular depolarization

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2
Q
  • Coronary sinus
A

collects deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and delivers it to the right atrium

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3
Q

2nd ♥ sound S2 (dup)

A

associated with closure of semilunar valves at the end of ventricular systole

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4
Q

a rapid uncoordinated heart contraction which fails to pump blood out of the heart

A

Fibrillation

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5
Q

The ability of the heart to beat is

A

intrinsic

internal, does not require nervous system input

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6
Q

Blood Pressure

normalBP

A
  • measured in arteries
  • pressure blood exerts against blood vessel walls, measured in the arteries
  • Normal blood pressure range= 120/80 (systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure)
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7
Q

The entire heart is covered by a

A

serous membrane called the pericardium which has two layers: the visceral (epicardium) pericardium and the parietal pericardium.

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8
Q

1st ♥ sound S1 (lub) associated with

A

closure of AV valves at the beginning of the ventricular systole

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9
Q

1.Sinoatrial Node (SA node)

A
  • located in the right atrial wall just inferior to the superior vena cava
  • Sets the pace for the heart as a whole
  • Known as the hearts pacemaker
  • SA rhythm known as sinus rhythm determines heart rate
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10
Q
  1. Right and left bundle branches-
A
  • located in the interventricular septum

- the AV bundle splits the impulse into 2 pathways, the right and left bundle branches

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11
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure. When blood pressure exceed 140/90 mmHg.

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12
Q

myocardium.

A

The muscle of the heart is know as

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13
Q

The average heart beats approximately

A

75 times per minute

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14
Q

a shallow depression in the interatrial septum where an opening existed in the fetal heart (foramen ovale)

A
  • Fossa ovalis
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15
Q

Murmurs

A

abnormal heart sounds (indicates problems with valves)

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16
Q

S-T interval:

A

Represents the time of ventricular contraction

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17
Q

Three Layers of the Heart Wall

A

Epicardium- outer protective layer (continuous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium.

Myocardium- muscular middle layer (cardiac muscle)

Endocardium- inner layer that is continuous with the inner lining of the blood vessels

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18
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarization

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19
Q

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (EKG / ECG)

A

—graphic recording of the electrical changes (depolarization followed by repolarization) occurring during the cardiac cycle is called an electrocardiogram

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20
Q

a resting heart rate above 100 beats/min; occasionally promotes fibrillation

A

Tachycardia

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21
Q
  1. Atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His)-
A
  • located in the upper atrialventricular septum
  • runs from the AV node,
  • the impulse sweeps to the atrioventricular bundle
  • is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles
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22
Q

veins carry blood

A

toward the heart

23
Q

irregular ridges of muscle in the internal wall of the ventricles

A
  • Trabeculae carnae
24
Q

T wave:

A

ventricular repolarization

25
Q

Valves Prevent

A

Backflow

26
Q

The valves opening does

A

not make a sounds

27
Q

blood flow through the heart

A

superior vena cava or inferior vena cava

right atrium

tricuspid valve

right ventricle

pulmonary valve

pulmonary trunk

pulmonary arteries

lungs

pulmonary viens

left atrium

bicuspid valve

left ventricle

aortic valve

aorta

rest of body

28
Q

Systole

A

ventricular contraction

  • intraventricular pressure increases
  • closes the AV valves
  • opens the semilunar valves
  • during this time, the atria relax and their chambers fill with blood again (results in gradually increasing atrial pressure)
29
Q

Diastole

A

ventricular relaxation

  • pressure in the heart and therefore the arteries decreases
  • blood flow passively from the pulmonary and systemic veins through the atria and into the ventricles
  • semilunar valves are closed
  • atrioventircular valves are open
  • atrial contraction forces the remaining 20% of blood into the ventricles
30
Q

Hypotension-

A

low blood pressure. When blood pressure is below 90/60 mmHg

31
Q

The heart is controlled through interaction between the

A

intrinsic conduction system and the autonomic nervous system.

32
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

one complete heart beat

both atria & ventricles contract & then relax

average length is 0.8 seconds

33
Q

Depolarization waves

A

travel through the heart prior to each beat.

34
Q

arteries always carry blood

A

away from the heart

35
Q

The entire myocardium behaves as a

A

functional syncytium because the cells are connected by gap junctions.

36
Q

The intrisic conduction system consists of

A

specialized noncontractile myocardial tissue

37
Q

-instrument used to obtain blood pressure reading by the auscultatory method.

A

Sphygmomanometer

38
Q

intrinsic conduction system

A

electrical conduction system within the heart, sets pace of the heart

39
Q

functional syncytium

This system ensures that the

A

a group of cells working together, the cells of the myocardium all contract at once

This system ensures that the heart muscle depolarizes in an orderly & sequential manner (from atria to ventricles) and the heart beats as a coordinated unit.

40
Q

In pulmonary circulation

A

arteries carry deoxygenated blood and veins carry oxygenated blood. However, in systemic circulation this is reversed and arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood.

41
Q

Pulse

A

-alternating surge of pressure (expansion & then recoil) in an artery that occur w/ each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle.

42
Q

Typical ECG consists of a series of three characteristic waves called deflection waves

A

(P, QRS, and T)

43
Q

a resting heart rate below 60 beats/min in nonathletes

A

Bradycardia

44
Q

Sounds of Korotkoff

A

-the sound of the blood moving through the artery heard with the stethoscope while using the sphygmomanometer

45
Q

Q-T interval:

A

the period from the beginning of ventricular depolarization through repolarization

46
Q

your heart is a

A

double pump system with four chambers

47
Q

Contraction of the heart results from a series of changes in membrane potential called

A

depolarization waves.

48
Q

tiny white collage cords that anchor the cusps of the heart valves to the papillary muscles/ anchors flaps in the closed position.

A
  • Chordae tendinae
49
Q
  1. Purkinje fibers-
A
  • extend from the bottom of the apex superiorly to the ventricular walls
  • complete the pathway of the impulse through the interventricular septum, the apex, and into the ventricular walls.
50
Q
  1. Atrioventricular Node (AV node)
A
  • located in the right atrialventricular septum
  • receives the impulse from the SA node
  • the impulse at the AV node is delayed 0.1 seconds allowing the atria to complete their contraction before the ventricles contract
51
Q

EKG/ECG

Does Not show:

A

Muscle contraction (however it always follows excitation)

Electrical events in nodal tissue

52
Q

gap junctions.

A

have channels that allow ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to the next allowing intercellular communication

53
Q

QRS complex:

A

ventricular depolarization

Indicates ventricular depolarization and precedes ventricular contraction

normal duration is 0.08 seconds

Atrial repolarization also occurs during the QRS complex but is obscured by the large ventricular depolarization

A+P II midterm (4 decks)

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