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A+P II midterm > lab 4 lymph+ anatomy of blood vessels > Flashcards

lab 4 lymph+ anatomy of blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Blood Vessels

A

The 3 major types of blood vessels are arteries, capillaries, and veins.

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2
Q

The walls of all blood vessels

A

(except capillaries) have 3 distinct tunics that surround a central blood-containing space, known as the vessel lumen.

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3
Q

The lymphatic vessels carry

A

lymph which is a fluid that consists of water and a small amount of dissolved proteins.

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4
Q

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

A

Arteries carry deoxygenated blood

Veins carry oxygenated blood

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5
Q

Veins

A

-carry blood toward the heart; they merge

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6
Q

Outermost layer is the

A

tunica externa, or adventitia

  1. Formerly called the tunica adventitia
  2. Infiltrated with nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels
  3. Contain a system of vasa vasorum which nourish the external portion of the blood vessel wall
  4. Composed of areolar or fibrous connective tissue
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7
Q

Middle tunic is th

A

tunica media

  1. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation as blood passes through the tunica media affects blood pressure
  2. Bulkiest layer in the arteries
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8
Q

Your immune systems memory is

A

accurate and highly specific

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9
Q

.) Immunocompetent

A

event indicated by the appearance of specific cell-surface proteins which enables immune response.

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10
Q

ARTERIES

Have thicker

A

tunica media than veins which places higher pressure on the blood therefore blood pressure is based on pressure in the arteries and not veins
Expand and RECOIL as blood passes through

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11
Q

Valves in the veins

A

Valves prevent blood from flowing backward (venous valves)
When veins carry blood back to the heart, your leg muscles squeeze to push blood back to the heart from you lower body against the flow of gravity

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12
Q

Functions of lymphatic system:

A
  1. transport lymph fluid to blood vessels

2. protect body from foreign material by providing a “home” for the immune system

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13
Q 
put items in correct order
Items to order:
1.
Vena Cava
2.
Placenta
3.
Heart
4.
Abdominal Aorta
5.
Umbilical Vein
6.
Umbilical Arteries
7.
Ductus Venosus
8.
Umbilicus
A
  1. Placenta
  2. Umbilical vein
  3. Ductus venosus
  4. Vena cava
  5. Heart
  6. Abdominal aorta
  7. Umbilical arteries
  8. Umblicus
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14
Q

lymphoid organs

A

thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and bone marrow

a. Primary lymphoid organs: bone marrow & thymus
b. Secondary lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils & appendix

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15
Q

The lymphatic system consists of a

A

network of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissues, lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs

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16
Q

autoimmunity

A

the inability of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self, are own tissues are attacked by the immune system.

Examples- multiple sclerosis, Graves disease, Type I Diabetes

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17
Q

Adaptive Immune System

A

-a functional system which recognizes foreign materials & acts to destroy or neutralize it which is known as an immune response

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18
Q

VARICOSE VEINS

A

When the valves become weak, blood pools in the veins and collect more & more blood
As blood continues to pool, the veins become varicose and bulge
veins that are dilated because of incompetent (leaky) valves

19
Q

The blood vessels form a

A

closed delivery system for blood circulation that begins and ends at the heart.

20
Q

NOTE-Both ducts empty the lymph into

A

venous circulation on their respective sides of the body

21
Q
  1. Lymph is filtered by
A

lymph nodes

If bacteria or abnormal cells appear, macrophages destroy it and any foreign matter.

22
Q

B cells - B lymphocytes differentiate in the

A

bone marrow

23
Q

Innermost tunic is th

A

tunica intima

Intimate contact with the blood of the lumen
Contains endothelium that lines the lumen of all vessels
Smooth vessel lining minimizes friction of blood flow

24
Q

Remember your immune system lives in your

A

lymphatic organs.

25
Q

Distribution and Function of Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Nodes

A
  1. As blood circulates via the cardiovascular system through the body, osmotic pressure causes fluids to move into the tissues. This lost fluid has to be returned to the blood.
  2. Lymphatic capillaries pick up the leaked fluid (water and dissolved proteins) and carry it through lymphatic collecting vessels to lymphatic trunks.

right lymphatic and thoracic duct

26
Q

Muscular arteries

A
  • Deliver blood to specific organs
  • Thickest tunica media of all blood vessels
  • Contain more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue, therefore have less distensibility
27
Q

A. Major Characteristics of Immune Response

A
  1. Most important characteristics of the immune response are:
    1) memory, 2) specificity, & 3) ability to differentiate self from nonself
28
Q
  1. Lymphatic system is a
A

one-way system and carries lymph only towards the heart.

29
Q

VEINS

Low pressure due to

A

Carry blood from capillary beds toward the heart
Largest veins are the superior and inferior vena cava
Low pressure due to their large-diameter lumen which can accommodate a large volume of blood
Called capacitance vessels/blood reservoirs because they can hold up to 65% of blood supply at any time

30
Q

CAPILLARIES:

A
  • function in exchange between the tissue cells and blood.
  • Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from the blood to the tissue cells
  • Carbon dioxide & metabolic wastes move from the tissue cells to the blood.
31
Q

ARTERIES:

A

-carry blood away from the heart; they diverge

32
Q

CAPILLARIES

structure

A
  • Smallest blood vessels
  • Tiny, transparent vessels that consist of only a tunica intima and endothelium
  • Suited for exchange of materials (gases, nutrients, hormones) between blood and interstitial fluid and tissues
33
Q

types of arteries

A

elastic and muscular

34
Q

As the heart contracts, blood is pumped into:

A

Largest arteries → smaller arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → smaller veins → largest veins

35
Q

b. Thoracic duct

A

receives lymph from the rest of the body.

36
Q

Lymph nodes are located in the

A

inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body

37
Q

a. Right lymphatic duct

A
  • drains lymph from the right upper extremity, head, and thorax delivered by the jugular, subclavian and bronchomediastinal trunks.
38
Q

-after differentiation, B and T cells enter the blood stream where

A

clonal selection occurs. -clonal selection is triggered when an antigen binds to the surface receptors of a B or T cell.

39
Q

Elastic arteries

A
  • thick-walled arteries near the heart; includes the aorta
  • largest in diameter and most are elastic for the need to withstand pressure fluctuations
  • known as pressure reservoirs, expanding and recoiling as the heart ejects blood
40
Q

Edema

A

-swelling in the tissues that occurs when fluid remains in the tissues

41
Q

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

A

Arteries carry oxygenated blood

Veins carry deoxygenated blood

42
Q

antigen

A

anything that has the capability to provoke an immune response

43
Q

T cells

A

T lymphocytes differentiate in the thymus

A+P II midterm (4 decks)

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