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Anatomy & Physiology I > Lab 3 Terms > Flashcards

Lab 3 Terms Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

impermeable

A

nothing can cross

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2
Q

freely permeable

A

anything can cross

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3
Q

semipermeable

A

some things can cross but some things can’t

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4
Q

Integral Proteins

A

found embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane

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5
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

found attached to the surface of the cell membrane

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6
Q

Passive Transport

A

doesn’t require any energy expenditure from the cell. Types: Filtration, Diffusion, & Osmosis

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7
Q

Filtration

A

process in which small molecules are forced through a semipermeable membrane.

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until equilibrium (uniform distribution) of particles is achieved

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9
Q

Simple diffusion

A

the process in which molecules spread out randomly from heavily concentrated areas to areas of lesser concentration until they are distributed evenly in a state of equilibrium

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10
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration areas

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11
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

cellular structures such as large proteins assist molecules to pass through the cell membrane that would otherwise not be able to

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12
Q

carrier proteins

A

temporarily bind with the molecules to assist them in passing through the cell membrane

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13
Q

Osmosis

A

the diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration (lower solute concentration) to a region of lower water concentration higher solute concentration)until equilibrium is achieved

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14
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

pressure developed in a solution due to osmosis

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15
Q

Solute

A

particles in a solvent

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16
Q

Solvent

A

liquid the solute is in

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17
Q

Solution

A

the mixture of solute and solvent

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18
Q

Hyper-

A

above, higher

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19
Q

Hypo-

A

under, lower

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20
Q

Iso

A

isos, equal

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21
Q

Tonic

A

refers to the solution

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22
Q

Isotonic solution

A

same amount of solute particles in the cell as in the solution

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23
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell

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24
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside the cell

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25
Active Transport
processes require energy from the cell (ATP) to move substances through a semipermeable membrane
26
Sodium-potassium pump
common in many cells including nerve cells where sodium is pumped out of resting nerve cell, even though their concentration is much higher outside the cells.
27
Calcium pump
used in muscle relaxation, where it transports calcium ions needed to stop the contraction of the muscle
28
Endocytosis
is the process in which the plasma membrane engulfs extracellular material, forming membrane-bound sacs that enter the cytoplasm and thereby move material into the cell
29
Pinocytosis
“cell drinking”. The cell takes in fluid filled droplets by forming a pocket in the cell membrane and then pinching off with the fluid and any small nutrients, amino acids, glucose, vitamins, etc. inside
30
Phagocytosis
“cell eating”. The cell engulfs a particle by sending out pseudopods (Gr. “false feet”) and then consumes the particle with enzymes. While many cells in the body undergo pinocytosis, only specialized cells called phagocytes (Gk. “a cell that eats”) perform phagocytosis
31
Exocytosis
the process in which intracellular material is enclosed within a membrane-bound sac that moves to the plasma membrane and fuses with it, releasing the material outside the cell
32
Dermatology
medical study of the physiology and pathology of the skin
33
Rule of Nines
used to estimate in (multiples of 9%) the percentage of surface area affected by burns
34
Dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
35
Scab
a blood clot that forms at the surface of a wound to the skin
36
Contusion
bruise causing bleeding in the dermis (“black-and-blue” marks)
37
Urticaria
hives
38
Carotene
yellow pigment
39
Melanin
dark pigment produced by specialized skin cells called melanocytes
40
Sebaceous
oil glands connected to hair follicles that function to lubricate and protect
41
Sebum
oily secretion
42
Sudoriferous
sweat glands (two different types: apocrine and merocrine)
43
Apocrine
large sweat glands (armpits, genital area)
44
Merocrine or eccrine
small sweat glands (palms, fingers, soles)
45
Cerumen
ear wax
46
Pacinian corpuscles
receptors for deep pressure
47
Meissner’s corpuscles
(corpuscles of touch) sensitive touch receptors
48
Epidermis
outermost layer of epithelial tissue. There are five layers: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Germinativum (Stratum Basale)
49
Dermis
thicker layer of connective tissue beneath the epidermis. It contains blood vessels, nerves, etc
50
Hypodermis
(Subcutaneous) layer of loose connective tissue beneath the dermis. It is characterized by the presence of adipose tissue
51
Carotene
orange-yellow pigment
52
Melanin
dark brown pigment produced by cells called melanocytes. A major function of melanin is to screen out excessive ultraviolet (UV) rays, to protect the nucleus and the genetic material of the cell.
53
1st Degree Burn
• Less than 10% of body surface affected • Epidermis damaged but not destroyed • Mild swelling, reddening, pain; injured cells peel off and skin heals without scarring, usually within 2 weeks.
54
2nd Degree Burn
• Less than 15% of body surface for an adult, 10% for a child • Epidermis and part of dermis destroyed. New skin may regenerate. • Red or mottled appearance, blisters, swelling, wet surface due to plasma loss. Greater pain than third-degree burn (which destroys sensitive nerve endings).
55
3rd Degree Burn
• Includes burns of face, eyes, hands, feet, genitals, and more than 20% of body surface. Prompt medical attention required. • All skin layers destroyed; deep tissue destruction. Nerve endings in skin destroyed. Skin cannot be regenerated. Surgery and skin grafts necessary. • White or charred appearance; severe loss of body fluids.
56
Macule
A localized change in skin color. Ex: freckles
57
Wheal
A localized elevation of the overlying epidermis which accumulates fluid in the papillary dermis. Ex: hives
58
Papule
A solid elevated area containing epidermal and papillary dermal components. Ex: mosquito or other insect bite
59
Nodules
large papules that may extend into the subcutaneous layer: Ex: cyst
60
Vesicle
(A blister) is a papule with a fluid core. A large vesicle may be called a bulla. Ex.: second-degree burn
61
Pustule
A papule-sized lesion filled with pus. Ex: acne pimple
62
Erosion
(An ulcer) may occur following the rupture of a vesicle or pustule. Eroded sites have lost part of all of the normal epidermis. Ex: decubitis ulcer.
63
Crust
An accumulation of dried sebum, blood, or interstitial fluid over the surface of the epidermis. Ex: seborrheic dermatitis, scabs, impetigo
64
Scales
Thin plates of cornified cells which form as a result of abnormal keratinization. Ex. psoriasis.
65
Fissure
A split in the integument that extends through the epidermis and into the dermis. Ex: athlete’s foot.
66
Abrasion
results from a scrape against a solid object
67
Incision
linear cuts produced by sharp objects
68
Laceration
a jagged, irregular tear in the surface produced by solid impact or by an irregular object
69
Puncture
results when slender, pointed objects pierce the epithelium
70
Avulsion
chunks of tissue are torn away by force
71
Ligaments
attach bone to bone
72
Tendons
attach bone to muscle
73
Spongy bone
forms an open network of struts and plates (contains red marrow)
74
Compact bone
is dense and relatively solid
75
epiphysis
the ends of the bone (head)
76
diaphysis
the long, hollow shaft of the bone
77
metaphysis
the flared region where the epiphysis and diaphysis meet
78
Long Bones
ex. femur
79
Short Bones
ex. carpal
80
Flat Bones
ex. skull bones
81
Irregular Bones
ex. spinal vertebrae
82
Sesamoid Bones
(develop inside tendons) ex. patella
83
Sutural Bones
(Wormian Bones) found between the skull bones
84
Process
a projection or bump
85
Ramus
angle of a bone
86
Trochanter
very large, rough, rounded projection (present only in femur)
87
Tuberosity
large (smaller than trochanter), rough rounded projection
88
Tubercle
small, rough, rounded projection
89
Crest
prominent projection or ridge
90
Line
narrow, low ridge
91
Spine
pointed process
92
Head
expanded, rounded surface at end of a bone
93
Condyle
large, convex projection that usually contacts another bone
94
Trochlea
grooved surface shaped like a pulley
95
Facet
small smooth, flat surface
96
Fossa
shallow depression or concavity
97
Foramen
natural opening on a bone surface for nerves and/or blood vessels
98
Fissure
deep cleft between adjacent parts of bone
99
Meatus
canal
100
Sinus or antrum
hollow space within bone

Anatomy & Physiology I (11 decks)

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